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STUDY  ON  '•       •'•••• 

THE  COST  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 
AS  COMPARED  WITH  THE  COST  OF  THE 
ARMIES  OF  OTHER  NATIONS. 


PREPARED  BY  THE  WAR  COLLEGE  DIVISION,  GENERAL  STAFF  CORPS 

AS    A   SUPPLEMENT   TO    THE    STATEMENT    OF   A   PROPER   MILITARY 

POLICY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES 


WCD  9053-120 


ARMY  WAR  COLLEGE  :  WASHINGTON 

NOVEMBER,   1915 


507 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFPIOE 

1916 


War  Department, 

Document  No.  507. 

Office  of  the  Chief  of  Staff. 


v^ 


STUDY  ON  THE  COST  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES  AS  COMPARED  WITH  THE  COST  OF  THE  ARMIES 
OF  OTHER  NATIONS. 


In  compliance  with  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  dated 
September  3,  1915,  the  following  study  of  the  cost  of  the  Army  of 
the  United  States,  as  compared  with  the  cost  of  the  armies  of  other 
nations,  is  submitted. 

Many  articles  have  been  published  in  which  the  cost  of  our  Army 
has  been  compared  with  the  cost  of  the  armies  of  foreign  nations. 
Very  few  of  the  conclusions  drawn  in  these  articles  are  of  any  prac- 
tical value,  due,  in  some  cases,  to  the  fact  that  the  writers  were  not 
in  possession  of  the  necessary  data,  and  in  others  to  their  assump- 
tion of  improper  bases  for  comparison. 

It  is  a  matter  of  common  knowledge  that  there  are  two  general 
systems  in  use  by  the  nations  of  the  world  for  maintaining  their 
armed  forces.  These  are  the  systems  known  as  that  of  "  universal 
military  service,"  and  that  of  "  voluntary  enlistment."  In  nations 
employing  the  first  system,  the  armed  forces  consist  of  all  physically 
qualified  male  citizens  between  certain  ages.  These  citizens  are  re- 
quired to  submit  themselves  for  training  in  time  of  peace  as  well 
as  for  service  in  time  of  war.  In  the  nations  employing  the  second 
system  the  armed  forces  are  composed  of  citizens  w^ho  voluntarily 
submit  themselves  for  training  in  peace  and  for  service  in  war.-  In 
the  first  case  the  obligation  of  military  service  is  paid  by  personal 
service,  and  the  remuneration  given  the  individual  soldier  has  no 
relation  to  the  value  of  the  service  actually  rendered  by  him ;  in  the 
second,  the  soldier  must  be  paid  an  amount  sufficient  to  induce  him 
to  submit  himself  for  training  and  service. 

In  countries  employing  the  system  of  "  universal  military  service," 
military  training  is  looked  upon  as  a  part  of  the  education  of  the 
individual  citizen,  just  as  is  the  common  school  course,  and  citizens 
of  those  countries  would  no  more  think  of  demanding  pay  for  their 
individual  services  during  this  education,  than  they  would  while  at- 
tending the  common  schools. 

In  those  countries  employing  the  system  of  "  voluntary  enlistment," 
however,  the  citizen  looks  upon  the  profession  of  arms  in  time  of 
peace  as  a  trade  or  profession  by  means  of  which  he  expects  to  earn 
his  livelihood,  and  he  will  not  offer  himself  unless  he  is  assured 
remuneration  at  least  equal  to  that  which  he  would  receive  in  civil 

507  (3) 

€67364 


occupations.  As  the  item  of  pay  in  those  countries  employing 
the  system  of  "vohmtary  enlistment"  is  by  far  the  largest  single 
item  in  the  expense  account,  it  is  to  be  expected  that  nations  employ- 
ing this  system  Avill  have  to  pay  for  their  armed  forces  an  amount 
greatly  in  excess  of  those  employing  the  system  of  "  universal  mili- 
tary service,"  and  we  will  find  this  to  be  the  case. 

From  what  has  been  said,  it  is  obviously  unscientific  to  compare 
the  cost  of  maintaining  an  army  by  these  two  widely  differing  sys- 
tems in  terms  of  money  actually  paid  out  of  the  treasury,  since  we 
would  be  comparing  two  absolutely  dissimilar  things.  If  we  wish, 
then,  to  compare  the  cost  of  our  Army  with  the  cost  of  those  of  other 
nations,  we  must  limit  our  comparison  to  those  nations  which  em- 
ploy the  same  general  system  as  ourselves.  We  will  find  that  only 
one  other  nation  in  the  world  does  so — Great  Britain. 

It  is,  therefore,  with  cost  of  the  army  and  military  establishment  of 
Great  Britain  only  that  we  can  compare  the  cost  of  our  own  if  we 
hope  to  obtain  results  that  mean  anything.  This  comparison  has,  of 
course,  been  made  many  times,  as  has  been  said  above.  The  usual 
method  of  procedure  has  been  to  obtain  the  per  capita  cost  of  the 
soldier  by  dividing  the  total  cost  of  the  military  establishment  in 
each  country  by  the  total  number  of  enlisted  men  employed  and  com- 
paring the  results.  But  even  a  superficial  study  of  the  subject  reveals 
the  fact  that,  while  the  broad  systems  on  which  the  armed  forces  of 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  are  maintained  are  the  same, 
they  differ  from  each  other  in  important  details.  So  much  so,  in 
fact,  as  to  make  the  method  of  comparison  mentioned  above  abso- 
lutely false  and  misleading,  unless  considered  in  connection  with 
certain  other  subjects,  as  will  be  evident  as  we  proceed  with  this 
study.  So,  if  we  desire  to  reach  a  real  basis  for  comparison  of  cost, 
we  will  find  it  necessary  to  make  a  detailed  study  of  the  various  items 
of  expenditure  in  Great  Britain  and  in  the  United  States,  and  en- 
deavor to  bring  them  to  a  common  basis.  This  is  a  most  difficult  thing 
to  do,  as  will  be  evident  as  we  proceed  with  the  study,  and  we  will 
find  that  our  comparison,  at  best,  is  only  an  approximation. 

Appended  to  this  study  will  be  found  tables  containing  the  data 
from  which  the  conclusions  have  been  deduced.  The  authority  is 
given  for  each  table. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  figures  and  other  data  for  the  United 
State  have  been  taken  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1915.  This 
was  done  in  order  that  we  might  have  the  latest  available  data  on 
costs.  The  year  1912-13  has  bee'n  chosen  for  Great  Britain,  in  order 
to  avoid  becoming  involved  in  consideration  of  extraordinary  expen- 
ditures in  that  country  incident  to  the  present  war  in  Europe. 

For  both  coimtries  those  items  of  expenditure  for  purposes  other 
than  military  will  be  deducted.    The  resulting  totals  will  give  us  the 

507 


total  costs  of  the  military  establishments  in  each  country.  In  both 
countries  consideration  of  the  subject  of  reserves  has  been  omitted 
since  the  United  States  has  no  reserves.  In  Great  Britain  the  Indian 
Army  has  been  excluded,  since  the  total  expenses  of  the  British  Army 
in  India,  including  the  cost  of  transportation,  etc.,  to  and  from 
India,  is  defrayed  by  the  Indian  Government. 

^^Hien  we  come  to  examine  and  compare  the  various  items  of  ex- 
penditure in  Great  Britain  and  in  the  United  States,  we  will  find 
that  many  of  them  are  not  susceptible  of  direct  comparison,  item  for 
item,  due  to  the  fact  that  the  systems  of  organization  and  administra- 
tion differ  so  materially  in  the  two  countries.  Thus  the  comparative 
figures  arrived  at  do  not  express  the  whole  truth,  and  we  will  find,  as 
a  matter  of  fact,  that  it  is  impossible  to  make  a  true  comparison  of 
costs  by  means  of  figures  alone. 

Again,  even  after  having  arrived  at  the  actual  money  costs  of  the 
military  establishment  in  each  country,  there  are  still  certain  condi- 
tions to  be  considered  which  vitally  effect  the  subject  and  which 
must  be  taken  into  account  if  we  are  to  make  a  comparison  on  any- 
thing like  a  scientific  basis.  For  example,  the  comparative  cost  of 
living,  standard  of  living,  rates  of  wages,  etc.,  all  affect  materially 
the  cost  of  maintaining  the  military  establishments  in  each  country. 
Certain  deductions  must  also  be  made  from  the  various  totals  in  order 
to  bring  the  resulting  figures  to  a  comparable  basis.  This  will  be  ap- 
parent as  we  proceed. 

The  total  expenditure  for  the  fiscal  year  1914-15  from  appropria- 
tions for  the  support  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  was  $116,127,- 
753.60.  (Table  1.)  Of  this  amount  $2,879,212.15  was  for  unusual 
expenses  incident  to  the  Mexican  situation  (memorandum  Q.  M.  G.) 
and  must  be  deducted.  This,  because  the  totals  for  Great  Britain 
contain  no  similar  item.  Deducting  this  amount  from  the  total  ex- 
penditures we  have  $113,248,541.52.  A  further  deduction  is  now 
necessary  of  certain  sums  disbursed  by  the  War  Department  pur- 
suant to  appropriations  which  have  but  slight  connection  with  the 
cost  of  the  Army.  No  such  items  appear  in  the  totals  for  Great 
Britain.  These  sums,  listed  in  detail  in  Table  3,  amount  to  $7,242,- 
567.99.  Deducting  this  amount  we  have,  as  the  total  military  ex- 
penditure for  the  United  States,  $106,005,973.53.  This  amount  is 
logically  comparable  with  the  total  military  expenditure  for  Great 
Britain,  which  was  $114,264,512.57,  and  which  is  shown  in  detail  in 
Table  2. 

The  actual  strength  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States  on  July  1, 
1915,  was  101,195.  (Table  4.)  This  includes,  of  course,  the  3,993 
enlisted  men  of  the  Hospital  Corps  and  the  4,388  enlisted  men  of 
the  Quartermaster  Corps,  which,  by  law,  are  not  included  in  the 
"  authorized  strength  of  the  Army.'' 

507 


6 

The  actual  enlisted  strength  of  the  British  Army  on  March  1, 
1913,  was  171,563.  (Appropriation  account.  Great  Britain,  1912-13, 
with  report  of  comptroller  and  auditor  general.)  This  includes 
the  "  standing  "  army  "  at  home  "  and  in  the  colonies  (exclusive  of 
India,  for  reasons  mentioned  above).  Based  on  the  above  figures, 
therefore,  the  per  capita  costs  per  enlisted  man  are  as  follows: 

Great    Britain .$660.  01 

United    States 1, 047.  54 

On  the  same  basis  the  per  capita  costs,  all  ranks  being  considered, 
are : 

Great    Britain $630.  03 

United    States 1,000.13 

The  above  figures,  however,  do  not  show  the  true  comparative  per 
capita  costs,  as  will  be  shown  in  what  follows:  First,  the  total  for 
the  United  States  includes  $1,138,322.08  for  pay  and  allowances  of 
officers  on  duty  not  connected  with  the  Regular  Army.  (Table  3.) 
As  no  equivalent  item  appears  in  the  British  accounts  of  effective 
strength,  this  sum  should  also  be  deducted  from  the  total  for  the 
United  States.    Deducting  this  sum  we  obtain  $104,867,650.85. 

Owing  to  the  very  limited  extent  of  her  coast  line.  Great  Britain 
has  depended  almost  entirely  upon  her  navy  for  protection  against 
serious  invasion.  Consequently  only  her  navy  yards,  dock  yards,  and 
certain  exposed  arsenals  have  been  fortified. 

The  situation  in  the  United  States  is  vastly  different,  as  can  be 
seen  from  the  percentages  of  coast  artillery  maintained  in  the  two 
countries  in  Table  8;  8.2  per  cent  for  Great  Britain  and  18.59  per 
cent  for  the  United  States.  Our  strictly  coast  defense  expenditures 
are  shown  in  Table  7.  However,  the  costs  of  these  fortifications  for 
Great  Britain  are  impracticable  of  separation  from  the  total  expendi- 
tures for  permanent  military  works  of  all  kinds,  which,  as  shown 
in  Table  2,  amounted  to  $5,88-4,847.37  in  1912-13.  The  correspond- 
ing items  in  the  I"'^nited  States  expenditures  for  1915  amounted  to 
$10,188,067.58  (total  permanent  works,  etc.,  Table  1,  less  correspond- 
ing items  Table  3.  already  deducted).  After  deducting  from  the 
totals  last  above  stated,  the  amounts  expended  respectively  for  per- 
manent works,  etc.,  the  resultinii:  totals  are: 


Total  cost,  effective  army,  less  cost  of  permanent  works. 

Per  capita  cost  per  enlisted  man 

Per  capita  cost,  all  ranks  considered 


Gnwl  Britain. 


$108,379,665.20 
631.71 
597.58 


United  States. 


$94,678,983.27 
935. 60 
893.26 


Percent  ace 

United  States 

to  Great 

Britain. 


87.35 
148.10 
149.48 


507 


One  of  the  incidents  of  service  in  our  xVrmy  which  greatly  in- 
creases its  cost  is  the  necessity  of  maintaining  troops  in  Alaska, 
Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  the  Canal  Zone,  the  Philippine  Islands,  and 
China.  The  additional  cost  for  maintaining  garrisons  in  the  above- 
mentioned  localities,  in  excess  of  the  amount  necessary  to  maintain 
garrisons  of  the  same  strength  and  composition  in  the  United  States, 
amounted  in  1914-15  to  $3,04:7,583.64,  or  to  an  increased  per  capita 
cost  per  enlisted  man  serving  in  those  localities  of  $84,62.  (See 
Table  14.)  In  other  words,  after  making  the  deductions  as  set  forth 
in  the  body  of  this  study,  the  per  capita  cost  for  the  United  States 
Army  would  be  $905.51  if  our  entire  Army  were  stationed  in  the 
United  States.  These  figures  include  only  those  pertaining  to  the 
Quartermaster  Corps.  There  is,  of  course,  an  increased  cost  of 
maintenance  in  all  other  departments  incident  to  foreign  service, 
but  figures  for  them  are  not  available. 

Since  from  lack  of  data  it  is  impossible  to  obtain  a  similar  figure 
of  per  capita  cost  for  Great  Britain,  this  figure  is  not  a  comparable 
one.  It  is  only  given  as  showing  one  of  the  causes  of  the  high  per 
capita  cost  of  our  Army.  But,  while  exact  figures  on  increased  cost 
of  maintenance  on  foreign  service  are  not  available  for  Great  Britain, 
it  is  well  known  that  the  British  colonies  contribute  certain  sums 
toward  the  support  of  the  colonial  forces  and,  in  addition,  pay  a 
certain  amount  into  the  British  treasury  as  their  share  of  the  gen- 
eral expenses  of  the  British  military  establishment.  Thus,  during 
the  fiscal  year  1912-13  the  colonial  governments  of  Egypt,  Ceylon, 
Mauritius,  Hongkong,  the  Straits  Settlements,  and  Malta  contributed 
a  total  of  $3,211,675.59  for  this  purpose.  (See  "Army  appropriation 
accounts,  1912-13,"  with  the  report  of  the  comptroller  and  auditor 
general.)  The  United  States,  of  course,  receives  nothing  from  its 
outlying  possession  in  support  of  its  military  establishment. 

This  is  as  far  as  we  can  carry  our  comparison  as  expressed  in  actual 
figures,  but  it  by  no  means  gives  us  a  true  comparison. 

Based  on  the  above  figures,  the  United  States  soldier  apparently 
costs  the  Government  $303.89  more  than  does  the  British  soldier, 
considering  enlisted  strength  only.  Let  us  see  if  this  is  really  true, 
and  if  true,  why. 

As  will  be  seen  from  Tables  1  and  2,  one  of  the  principal  items  of 
cost  in  both  countries  is  that  of  "  pay  and  mileage."  This  item  for 
the  United  States  was  $49,722,369.91,  and  for  Great  Britain  $39,967,- 
066.82.  The  number  of  officers  for  the  United  States  was  4,797  and 
the  number  of  enlisted  men  101,195.  In  Great  Britain  the  number  of 
officers  was  9,800  and  the  number  of  enlisted  men  171,563. 

The  relative  rates  of  pay  for  the  various  grades  in  both  coun- 
tries, in  so  far  as  they  can  be  compared,  are  shown  in  Tables  5  and  6. 
In  these  tables  the  rates  of  pay  quoted  are  '*  base  "  pay  of  the  grade. 

507 


8 

In  the  United  States  the  officer  is  paid  in  accordance  with  his  rank ; 
in  Great  Britain  only  partially  so.  The  United  States  officer  gets 
the  pay  corresponding  to  his  rank  and  length  of  service,  regardless 
of  the  duty  he  is  performing;  in  the  British  service  the  officer's  pay 
depends  on  many  things  in  addition  to  his  rank.  For  example,  a 
British  officer  holding  a  particular  position  or  performing  certain 
work  is  paid  a  fixed  sum  in  addition  to  the  '"  base ''  pay  of  his  rank. 
Thus  a  lieutenant  colonel  in  command  of  his  battalion  is  paid  a  sum 
in  addition  to  his  pay  as  a  lieutenant  colonel.  An  adjutant  is  paid 
an  additional  sum  while  holding  this  position.  In  other  words,  the 
pay  of  the  British  officer  depends  largely  on  the  duty  he  is  perform- 
ing at  the  time  and  only  to  a  limited  extent  on  the  rank  he  holds. 
In  addition  to  this,  the  British  officer  receives  many  and  various 
allowances.  He  receives  an  increase  of  pay  when  under  canvas  or 
in  the  field,  an  allowance  for  servants,  an  allowance  for  messing,  and 
an  allowance  for  his  kit.  He  receives  additional  pay  for  having  per- 
fected himself  in  a  foreign  language.  Also  certain  brevet  and  hon- 
orary titles  carry  increased  pay.  These  are  only  a  few  of  the  items 
which  go  to  make  up  the  pay  of  the  British  officer.  The  regulations 
covering  the  subject  of  "allowances"  in  the  British  Army  are 
promulgated  in  a  publication  entitled  "  Regulations  for  the  Allow- 
ances of  the  Army,"  which  contains  188  pages  of  fine  print.  This 
publication  deals  exclusively  with  the  subject  of  "allowances"  and 
is,  in  addition  to  the  regulations  governing  pay  proper,  which  are 
contained  in  a  publication  entitled  "  Royal  Warrant  for  the  Pay, 
Appointment,  Promotion,  and  Noneffective  Pay  of  the  Army,"  which 
contains  327  pages  of  fine  print.  From  all  this  it  will  be  seen  how 
very  difficult  it  is  to  ascertain  the  exact  actual  compensation  of  the 
British  Army  officer.  To  do  so  we  would  have  to  know  just  what 
duty  each  officer  of  the  British  Army  is  performing  and  where  he 
is  stationed,  which,  of  course,  is  impossible.  We  can  not,  therefore, 
ascertain  the  exact  amount  of  the  pay  of  British  officers  by  rank. 

In  the  United  States  Army  the  officer  on  duty  with  troops  receives 
the  pay  of  his  grade  and  no  more,  with  the  exception  of  the  comj^ara- 
tively  small  allowance  for  heat  and  light. 

It  is  therefore  evident  that  the  comparison  of  the  "  base  "  pay  of 
the  British  officer  with  the  "  base  "  pay  of  the  United  States  officer 
is  not  an  accurate  one.  To  make  the  comparison  accurate  we  would 
have  to  add  to  the  pay  of  the  British  officer  such  "  allowances  "  as 
he  receives  in  addition  to  his  base  pay. 

Unfortunately,  it  is  not  possible  to  do  this,  as  no  data  are  available 
from  which  we  can  ascertain  what  officers  are  drawing  these  allow- 
ances. So  it  is  impossible  to  make  an  actual  comparison  in  figures 
of  the  pay  of  the  British  and  United  States  officer,  grade  for  grade. 
The  best  we  can  do  is  to  show  the  "  base  "  pay  of  the  United  States 

507 


officer  and  for  the  British  officer  the  "  base "  pay  plus  those  allow- 
ances which  all  officers  in  the  British  service  receive,  bearing  in  mind 
the  fact  that  in  the  case  of  the  United  States  officer  this  covers  all 
of  his  remuneration  (less  the  heat  and  light  allowance),  while  in  the 
case  of  the  British  officer  his  "base"  pay  is  only  a  portion  of  his 
total  remuneration,  often  only  a  small  portion  of  it. 

But  even  with  the  addition  of  "  allowances,"  it  is  undoubtedly  true 
that  the  British  officer  does  not  receive  as  high  pay  as  the  United 
States  officer.  Is  there  any  reason,  then,  why  Great  Britain  can 
obtain  officers  at  a  smaller  rate  of  pay  than  can  be  done  by  the  United 
States  ? 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  majority  of  British  officers  are  not 
expected  to  live  on  their  army  pay.  In  order  to  remain  in  the  service 
and  live  as  his  fellows  live,  the  British  officer  must  have  an  income 
in  addition  to  his  pay.  The  men  who  enter  the  British  Army  as 
officers  in  peace  time  come,  as  a  rule,  from  a  class  that  does  not 
engage  in  trade  or  depend  on  their  own  efforts  to  gain  a  livelihood, 
and  they  embrace  the  profession  of  arms  not  as  a  means  of  gaining 
a  living  but  because  it  offers  them  a  position  which  is  considered  a 
fitting  one  for  men  of  their  social  standing.  The  question  of  pay, 
then,  is  to  the  British  officer  a  secondary  one. 

This  is  not  the  case  with  the  officer  in  the  United  States  Army. 
He  comes  into  the  service  from  every  walk  of  life  and  social  class 
and  chooses  the  Army  as  he  would  any  other  profession.  He  seldom 
has  any  income  in  addition  to  his  pay,  and  the  question  of  the 
remuneration  he  is  to  receive  is  a  very  vital  one,  since  he  must  com- 
pare it  with  the  amount  he  would  be  able  to  earn  in  some  other  trade 
or  profession.  The  principle  that  the  pay  of  a  public  officer  should 
be  sufficient  to  support  him  obtains  universally  in  the  United  States, 
and  this  country  does  not  expect  the  public  servant  to  give  his  service 
to  the  state  without  adequate  compensation. 

It  will  have  been  noted  in  Tables  11  and  12  that  the  items  of 
"pay"  and  "mileage"  have  been  considered  together.  This  was 
necessary  because  the  items  of  pay  and  mileage  for  Great  Britain 
were  not  given  separately  and  could  not  be  ascertained.  The  item 
for  mileage  is  undoubtedly  much  larger  for  the  United  States  than 
lor  Great  Britain,  owing  to  the  comparatively  small  area  of  the 
United  Kingdom  and  to  the  fact  that  the  stations  of  regiments  in 
England,  Ireland,  Scotland,  and  Wales  are  never  changed.  In  this 
connection,  too,  the  numerous  changes  of  station  of  officers  to  and 
from  the  Philippines,  Hawaii,  and  the  Canal  Zone  made  necessary 
by  law  and  the  changes  of  station  of  officers  due  to  the  operation  of 
the  so-called  "  Manchu  "  law  must  not  be  lost  sight  of.  Great  Britain 
relieves  her  troops  on  foreign  service  once  in  12  years,  while  the 
United  States  is  compelled  by  law  to  relieve  them  (or  the  individuals 
30669°— No.  507—16 2 


10 

thereof)  once  in  two  years.  From  all  of  the  above  it  is  evident  that, 
while  the  pay  of  the  British  officer  is  undoubtedly  less  than  the  pay 
of  the  United  States  officer,  the  difference  is  not  nearly  so  great  as 
has  formerly  been  supposed,  and  this  difference  is  largely  explained 
by  differences  in  the  circumstances  affecting  the  two  services.  In 
this  connection  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  base  pay  of  all 
captains  and  first  lieutenants  in  the  British  service  has  been  increased 
20  per  cent  and  that  of  second  lieutenants  31  per  cent  since  the  begin- 
ning of  the  present  war.  There  has  also  been  an  increase  in  the  "  kit " 
and  "  outfit "  allowances  of  from  25  per  cent  to  66  per  cent  and  a 
decided  increase  in  the  pension  rates  for  widows,  as  well  as  in  the 
"  separation  "  allowance. 

The  Canadian  rate  of  pay  for  a  private  of  the  lowest  grade  now- 
serving  with  the  combatant  forces  is  $1.10  per  day,  and  his  "  separa- 
tion allow^ance  "  amounts  to  $20  per  month. 

We  now  come  to  the  consideration  of  the  pay  of  enlisted  men  in 
the  two  services. 

Table  6  shows  the  pay  of  such  grades  as  are  comparable  in  the  two 
countries.  There  are  "  allowances  "  and  additional  items  of  pay  for 
both  countries,  but  the  tables  do  not  show  them  because  it  was 
found  to  be  impossible  to  obtain  them  and  because  they  did  not 
pertain  to  the  various  grades  as  such.  We  are  compelled,  then,  to 
compare  the  "  base  "  alone.  As  will  be  seen  from  the  table,  the  pay 
of  the  enlisted  man  in  the  United  States  Army  is  considerabW  higher 
than  the  pay  of  the  same  or  similar  grade  in  the  British  service. 
What  we  desire  to  know  is  whether  or  not  there  is  any  explanation 
for  this  fact. 

The  class  from  which  the  enlisted  man  is  drawn  is  practically  the 
same  in  the  United  States  and  in  Great  Britain.  He  comes  from  the 
so-called  laboring  class.  As  each  country  obtains  its  soldiers  by  vol- 
untary enlistment,  the  recruit  is  influenced  to  enlist  by  practically 
the  same  inducement,  namely,  the  remuneration  he  is  to  receive. 
Patriotism,  of  course,  plays  a  part,  but  candor  compels  us  to  admit 
that  in  time  of  peace  it  is  a  very  sm.all  part.  Each  country  must, 
then,  go  into  the  labor  market  and  bid  for  the  services  of  the  men 
who  are  to  make  up  the  rank  and  file  of  its  armv.  This  being  the 
case,  it  will  be  necessary,  in  comparing  the  remuneration  the  soldier 
receives  in  each  country,  to  consider  several  factors  which  have  a 
very  direct  bearing  upon  enlistment  and  therefore  go  to  fix  the  rate 
of  pay  which  must  be  offered  in  order  to  induce  men  to  enlist.  The 
most  important  of  these  are  rate  of  wages,  the  cost  of  living,  and  the 
standard  of  living. 

Referring  to  Tables  A,  B,  C,  we  will  find  that  the  average  expendi- 
ture for  food  among  the  laboring  classes  is  66  per  cent  higher  in  the 
United  States  than  in  Great  Britain,  21  per  cent  higher  for  fuel  and 

507 


11 


91  per  cent  higher  for  rent.  The  exact  figures  for  the  fourth  consider- 
able item  going  to  make  up  the  cost  of  living — namely,  clothing — it 
was  impossible  to  obtain,  because  of  lack  of  data  comparable  in  the 
two  countries.  It  is  a  matter  of  common  knowledge,  however,  that 
clothing  is  much  higher  in  the  United  States  than  in  Great  Britain. 
The  higher  cost  of  living  in  the  United  States  is  caused,  in  part,  by 
the  higher  prices  of  the  articles  consumed,  but  to  a  much  greater  de- 
gree by  the  higher  standard  of  living  of  the  laboring  classes  in  the 
United  States.  It  is,  of  course,  the  latter  that  more  directly  affects 
the  rate  of  pay  and  compels  the  higher  rate  in  the  United  States, 
although  the  former  enters  into  the  question  to  a  certain  extent.  But 
the  factor  which  affects  the  rate  of  pay  most  directly  is  the  rate  of 
wages  in  civilian  occupations. 

The  comparative  rates  of  wages  in  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain  are  set  forth  in  Tables  D,  E,  F,  G  for  those  trades  and  call- 
ings where  comparable  data  were  available.  We  find  that  the  aver- 
age wage  in  16  trades  and  callings  is  159  per  cent  higher  in  the 
United  States  than  in  Great  Britain.  In  one  calling  only  does  it  fall 
below  150  per  cent  higher,  and  that  is  school  teaching,  a  calling  which 
is  notoriously  underpaid  in  this  country. 

It  is  evident,  then,  that  in  order  to  induce  men  to  enlist  the  United 
States  must  offer  a  much  higher  rate  of  pay  than  must  Great  Britain. 
And,  if  we  compare  the  rates  of  pay  of  the  British  and  United  States 
soldier  with  the  rates  of  wages  in  the  two  countries,  we  are  com- 
pelled to  admit  that,  instead  of  being  overpaid,  the  United  States 
soldier  is  paid  relatively  less  than  the  British  soldier. 

We  now  come  to  a  consideration  of  the  items  which  go  to  make  up 
the  bulk  of  the  expense  of  the  military  establishments  in  both  coun- 
tries. We  find  that  these  consist  of  four  items:  (1)  Pay,  mileage, 
etc.  (2)  subsistence,  (3)  transportation,  and  (1)  clothing.  P"or  the 
two  countries  they  are  as  follows: 


Items. 

Great  Britain. 

United  States. 

$39,967,066.82 
8,260,721.66 
4,733,304.84 
5,848,651.48 

$49,722,369.91 
9,802,141.39 

Subsistence 

Transportation 

10, 680, 546. 69 

Clothing 

4,623,272.94 

In  terms  of  percentages  to  the  total  expenditures  these  items  stand 
as  follows: 

Items. 

Great  Britain. 

United  States. 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 

Per  cent. 

34.10 
7.22 
4.14 
5.11 

Per  cent. 

43.90 

Subsistence 

8.65 

Transportation 

9.45 

Clothing .... 

4.08 

507 


12 

In  terms  of  per  capita  cost,  considering  enlisted  strength  only,  they 
are  as  follows: 


Items. 

Great  Britain. 

United  States. 

Pav,  mileage,  etc 

S232.95 
48. 14 
27.58 
34.91 

$491.35 

Subsistence . '. 

96.86 

105. 54 

nothing 

45.68 

For  Great  Britain  the  sum  of  the  expenditures  for  these  four  items 
is  50.57  per  cent  of  the  total  expenditures  for  military  purposes  and 
for  the  United  States,  66.08  per  cent. 

The  most  important  of  the  factors  affecting  pay,  mileage,  etc., 
have  already  been  considered  when  dealing  with  pay. 

In  considering  the  second  item  of  greatest  expense,  "  Subsistence," 
we  will  find  in  Table  13  that  the  ration  for  the  United  States  Army 
is  larger  both  in  total  quantity  and  in  number  of  components  than 
that  of  the  British  Army.  This  is  explained,  of  course,  by  the 
higher  standard  of  living  in  the  United  States.  In  addition  to  this, 
as  already  stated,  the  average  cost  of  the  average  workingman's  food 
expenditures  in  the  United  States  is  very  nearly  double  that  in 
Great  Britain.  This  is  brought  about  by  the  higher  standard  of 
living  and  by  the  increased  cost  of  food  articles  in  the  United  States 
over  Great  Britain. 

When  we  come  to  examine  the  third  item,  "  Transportation,"  we 
find  that  several  factors  must  be  taken  into  consideration.  In  the 
first  place  this  item  for  the  United  States  includes  the  cost  of  trans- 
portation not  only  within  the  continental  limits  of  the  United  States, 
but  also  to  and  from  and  within  Hawaii,  the  Philippine  Islands, 
Alaska,  the  Canal  Zone,  and,  to  a  limited  extent,  Guam.  In  the 
item  of  transportation  for  Great  Britain,  the  cost  of  transportation 
between  England  and  India  is  not  included,  since  India  paj^s  all 
costs  of  transportation  both  ways  for  both  troops  and  supplies. 
Again,  our  garrisons  within  the  continental  limits  of  the  United 
States  are  distributed  over  an  area  of  2,973,890  square  miles,  while 
the  territory  of  the  United  Kingdom  embraces  an  area  of  only 
121,633  square  miles,  or  less  than  one  twenty-fourth  that  of  the  United 
States.  Xot  only  are  the  distances  over  which  troops  and  supplies 
must  be  transported  so  vastly  greater  in  the  United  States,  but  the 
cost  per  individual  and  per  pound  per  mile  is  greater  than  in  the 
United  Kingdom.  In  addition  to  this,  as  has  already  been  noted 
when  considering  the  item  of  "  Pay,  mileage,  etc.,"  the  stations  of 
British  regiments  in  the  United  Kingdom  are  seldom  or  never 
changed  and  the  colonial  troops  are  changed  only  once  in  12  years. 
The  great  difference  in  the  comparative  item  of  transportation  in 

507 


13 

the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  is  strikingly  shown  by  the  per 
capita  cost  of  the  soldier  as  affected  by  this  item,  $105.54  for  the 
United  States  and  $27.58  for  Great  Britain. 

In  respect  to  the  fourth  item  of  greatest  cost,  "  Clothing,"  we  find 
an  increase  of  per  capita  cost  of  only  $10.77  for  the  United  States. 
This  is  fully  accounted  for  by  the  higher  cost  of  clothing  in  the 
United  States. 

We  must  now^  consider  several  other  factors  which  affect  the  rela- 
tive cost  of  the  British  and  United  States  Armies. 

As  is  well  known,  the  cost  of  equipment  and  maintenance  of  the 
various  arms  of  the  service  differs  materially.  In  a  study  made  in 
the  Office  of  the  Quartermaster  General  of  the  Army  in  September, 
1915  (already  referred  to),  we  find  a  table  showing  the  first  cost 
and  annual  cost  of  maintenance  for  organizations  of  the  various 
arms  of  the  service  expressed  in  terms  of  per  capita  cost  of  enlisted 
men,  quartermaster  expenditures  only  being  considered.  The  table, 
in  part,  is  as  follows : 

Comparative  cost  of  the  several  arms  based  upon  recent  estimates  prepared 
in  this  office  (Quartermaster  General),  the  cost  of  the  complete  quartermaster 
field  equipment  and  annual  cost  of  maintenance  of  regiments  and  smaller 
organizations  at  war  strength  in  permanent  camp  in  time  of  peace,  expressed 
in  each  instance  upon  a  per  capita  basis,  are  as  follows: 


Organizations. 


First  cost. 


Anmifll 
cost  of 
mainte- 
nance. 


REGIMENTS. 

Infantry 

Provisional  coast  artillery  (for  infantry  duty) 

Cavalry 

Field  artillery  (average)  for  light,  horse,  heavy,  and  mountain  . 


$106. 67422 
119.93292 
318. 17225 
333. 42676 


$557. 61 
627. 63 
772. 47 
747.26 


This  table,  of  course,  does  not  consider  the  cost  of  the  ordnance 
equipment,  which  is  vastly  greater  for  cavalry  and  artillery  than  for 
infantry.  Nor  does  it  include  the  garrison  equipment,  either  quar- 
termaster or  ordnance,  nor  the  cost  of  upkeep  of  our  unnecessarily 
expensive  posts.  The  table  shows  what,  of  course,  is  well  known; 
that  infantry  is  the  less  expensive  arm  both  m  first  cost  and  in  cost  of 
maintenance.  Thus  the  cost  of  maintenance  of  coast  artillery 
(equipped  as  infantry  only)  is  12  per  cent,  field  artillery  34  per  cent, 
and  cavalry  38  per  cent  greater  than  infantry.  It  is  therefore  evi- 
dent that  if  the  proportions  of  the  various  arms  maintained  by  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain  differ  materially,  there  will  be  an 
increase  or  decrease  in  the  comparative  cost  of  the  two  armies  in 
proportion  to  the  numbers  comprising  the  various  arms  in  the  two 
countries.  Let  us,  then,  see  what  the  proportions  of  the  various  arms 
maintained  in  the  two  countries  are.     We  will  find  these  data  in 

507 


14 

Table  8,  expressed  in  percentages  of  the  enlisted  strength  in  each 
arm  to  the  total  enlisted  strength  of  the  army  as  follows: 


Great 
Britain. 


United 
States. 


Infantry 

Coast  artillery 

Cavalry 

Field  artillery. 


Per  cent. 

50.51 

8.20 

7.36 

8.92 


Per  cent. 

41.06 

18.95 

14.47 

5.59 


Combining  these  percentages  we  find  that  the  United  States  main- 
tains 14.53  per  cent  more  of  the  more  expensive  arms  and  9.45  per 
cent  less  of  the  less  expensive  arms  than  does  Great  Britain. 

As  the  per  capita  cost  of  officers  is,  of  course,  gi'eatly  in  excess  of 
that  of  enlisted  men,  it  is  evident  that  the  greater  proportion  of  offi- 
cers to  men  in  an  organization  the  greater  will  be  the  per  capita  cost 
of  the  organization. 

The  number  of  enlisted  men  per  officer  in  the  various  arms  of  the 
service  were : 


Arm. 


Great 

Britain 

(Mar.  1,1913). 


United 

States 

(Julyl,  1915). 


Infantry 

Coast  artillery 

Cavalry 

Field  artillery 


Per  cent. 
29.84 
23.10 
27.40 
27.58 


Per  cent. 

24.55 
27.00 
20.28 
23.08 


Thus  in  every  arm  except  coast  artillery  (which  includes  only  8.2 
per  cent  of  her  total  enlisted  strength).  Great  Britain's  organiza- 
tions contain  more  enlisted  men  per  officer  than  do  similar  organi- 
zations in  the  United  States.  This  is  due,  of  course,  not  so  much  to 
the  fact  that  the  organizations  of  the  various  arms  differ  in  the  two 
countries  as  to  the  fact  that  the  majority  of  our  organizations  are 
maintained  at  "  peace  strength,"  while  those  of  Great  Britain  either 
are  at  "  war,"  or  nearly  "  war,"  strength  at  all  times.  If  all  of  our 
organizations  were  maintained  at  "  war  "  strength,  the  proportions  of 
officers  to  enlisted  men  in  the  various  arms  would  be  as  follows : 

Infantry,  1  officer  to  36.72  enlisted  men. 
Coast  Artillery,  1  officer  to  27  enlisted  men. 
Cavalry,  1  officer  to  24.72  enlisted  men. 
Field  Artillery,  1  officer  to  26.38  enlisted  men. 

The  proportion  of  officers  to  enlisted  men,  considering  the  entire 
militarv  establishment  in  each  country  as  now  maintained,  is:  Great 
Britain,  1  officer  to  17.50  enlisted  men;  and  the  United  States,  1 
officer  to  21.09  enlisted  men.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  Great  Brit- 
ain maintains  her  organizations  at  "  war  "  strength,  and  to  the  fact 

507 


15 

that  she  has  many  more  officers  on  staff  and  other  detached  service 
than  has  the  United  States. 

Even  w  ith  this  small  proportion  of  enlisted  men  to  officers  in  the 
United  States  Army,  if  we  subtract  the  existing  necessary  "  over- 
head "  charges  (which  should  not  change  materially  with  the  increase 
or  decrease  of  the  combatant  forces),  we  will  find  that  the  per  capita 
cost  of  the  enlisted  man  is  $91'4.95. 

As  has  been  pointed  out  in  the  course  of  this  study,  it  has  been 
found  impossible  to  reduce  the  comparisons  of  cost  of  the  armies  of 
Great  Britain  and  of  the  United  States  to  absolutely  comparative 
figures  in  all  instances.  The  reasons  for  this  were  mentioned  in  each 
case.  However,  it  is  believed  that  the  cost  of  the  United  States  Army 
does  not  compare  unfavorably  with  that  of  Great  Britain  if  we 
take  into  consideration  the  various  conditions  obtaining  in  the  two 
countries. 

The  impossibilty  of  comparing  the  cost  of  an  army  maintained  by 
the  system  of  "  universal  military  service  "  with  one  maintained  by 
the  system  of  "voluntary  enlistment"  was  discussed  at  the  begin- 
ning of  this  study.  To  show  how  impossible  it  would  be  to  obtain 
recruits  for  our  Army  with  the  rates  of  pay  for  privates  in  their  first 
enlistment  obtaining  in  the  most  important  of  the  countries  employ- 
ing the  system  of  "  universal  military  service,"  the  following  is 
quoted : 

Monthly  pay  of  private  in  first  year  of  enlistment. 

Germany $3.  21 

France !•  70 

Russia .  32 

Japan •  60 

Austria •  73 

Summary. 


Great  Britain, 

fiscal  year 

1912-13. 


United  States, 
fiscal  year  1915. 


Total  military  expenditure 

Same,  less  unusual  expenses  due  to  Mexican  situation 

Expenditures  for  effective  forces  only 

Pro  rata  per  enlisted  man  of  expenditures  for  effective  forces 

Pro  rata  cost,  all  ranks,  of  expenditures  for  effective  forces 

Expenditures:  Less  pay,  etc.,  of  officers  on  duty  not  connected  with 


Arm 


y 

Same,  less  amount  of  permanent  works,  etc 

Per  capita  cost  per  enlisted  man  (lowest  comparative  figures  obtainable). 
Per  capita  cost,  all  rank  (lowest  comparative  figures  obtainable) 


S114,264,512.57 

114,204,512.57 

114,264,512.57 

660. 01 

630. 03 

114,264,512.57 

108,379,065.20 

631.71 

597. 58 


Principal  items  of  expense  in  terms  of  percentage  to  total  military  ex- 
penditures: 

Pay,  mileage,  etc per  cent. . 

Subsistence do — 

Transportation do — 

Clothing do. . . 

Pro  rata  per  enlisted  man,  at  present  ratio  of  1  officer  to  21  enlisted  men, 
of  total  expenditures,  less  existing  overhead  charges,  which  do  not 
change  with  size  of  Regular  Army 


$116,127,753.67 

113,248,541.52 

100,005,973.53 

1,047.  .54 

1,000.13 

104,867,650.85 

94,078,983.27 

935. 60 

893. 26 


34.10 
7.22 
4.14 
5.11 


43.90 

8.65 
9.45 
4.08 


S914.95 


507 


16 

Conditions  materially  affecting  the  foregoing  results  hut  not  susceptible  of  com- 
pilation therewith. 

Average  expenditures  by  laljoring  class  for —  Per  cent. 

Food Higher  in  United  States  than  in  Great  Britain. .    66 

Fuel do....    21 

Rent do....    91 

Average  wages do ....  159 


United  I\ing- 
dom. 


United  States. 


Area  in  square  miles 

Length  of  foreifm  tours  in  years 

Average  annual  cost  of  maintenance  per  enlisted  man: 

Infantry 

Provisional  coast  artillery  for  iafantry  duty 

Cavalry 

Field  artillery 

Proportion  maintained  to  total  enlisted  strength: 

Infantry per  cent . . 

Coast  artillery do 

Cavalry do 

Field  artillery do 

Arms,  proportion  United  States  to  Great  Britain 

Number  of  enlisted  men  per  officer: 

Infantry 

Coast  artillery 

Cavalry 

Field  artillery 

Number  of  enlisted  men  to  officer,  considering  all  officers  and  enlisted  men 

ia  military  establishment 

Same  if  all  United  States  organizations  were  maintained  at  "war" 
strength: 

Infantry 

Coast  artillery 

Cavalry 

Field  artillery 


121,633 
12 


(?) 
(?) 
(?) 
(?) 


50.51 
8.20 
7.36 
8.92 
U4.53 

29.84 
23.10 
27.40 
27.58 

17.50 


2,973,890 
3 

$557. 61 
627.63 
772. 47 
747. 26 

41.06 
18.95 
14.47 
5.59 
29.45 

24.55 
27.00 
20.28 
23.08 

21.09 


36.72 
27.00 
24.72 
26.38 


•  More  expensive. 


2  Less  expensive. 


Index  of  Tables. 


Table. 


1  A.  Total  costs : 

Pay,  mileage,  etc. 

Subsistence. 

Transportation. 

Clothing. 
Percentage  of  above  to  total  costs. 
Per  capita  costs,  enlisted  men  only. 
Per  capita  costs,  all  ranks. 

1.  Recapitulation,  expenditures.  United  States,  fiscal  year  1915. 

1  (a).  Detail    statement,    expenditures,    United    States    military    establish- 
ment, for  year  1915. 

2.  Detail  statement,  expenditures,  British  military  estal)lishment,  fiscal 

year  1912-13. 
2a.  Detail  statement,  expenditures,  British  military  establishment,  fiscal 
year  1912-13. 

3.  Items  not  properly  chargeable  to  cost  of  Regular  Army  of  United 

States. 
3  (a).  Pay,  etc.,  of  officers  and  enlisted  men.  United  States  Army,  on  duty 
not  connected  with  the  Regular  Army. 

4.  Strength  of  United  States  Army,  July  1,  1915    (memorandum  The 

Adjutant  General). 

5.  Comparative  statement,  pay,  etc.,  officers.  United  States  and  Great 

Britain. 


507 


17 

Table. 

5  (o).  Pay,  etc.,  of  officers,  British  Army  at  home. 
5b.  Pay,  etc.,  of  officers.  United  States  Army. 

6.  Comparative  statement,  pay  of  enlisted  men.  United  States  and  Great 

Britain. 
6a.  Minimum  pay  British  warrant  officers  and  enlisted  men  serving  at 

home. 
6&.  Minimum  pay  enlisted  men  United  States  Army. 

7.  Items  of  United  States  expense  relating  solely  to  coast  defense. 

8.  Comparative   statement   of   enlisted    strength   of  Infantry,   Cavalry, 

and  Artillery,  to  total  enlisted  strength. 

9.  Comparative  statement  of  number  of  enlisted  men  to  officers  in  sev- 

eral arms.  United.  States  and  Great  Britain. 

10.  Number  of  officers  and  enlisted  men  in  principal  arms  of  British 

Army,  except  those  serving  in  India. 

11.  Percentages  and  comparative  costs.  Great  Britain,  of  principal  items 

of  expenditure. 

12.  Percentages  and  comparative  costs.  United  States,  of  principal  items 

of  expenditui'e. 

13.  Comparative  statement,  ration  components.  United  States  and  Great 

Britain. 

14.  Additional  cost  Quartermaster's  Department,  for  maintaining  troops 

outside  continental  limits  of  United  States. 
A,  B,  C.  Comparative  statement,  costs  of  food,  fuel  and  rent,  United  States 
and  Great  Britain. 
D,  E,  F,  G.  Comparative  statement,  wages.  United  States  and  Great  Britain. 


Table  No.  1A. — Comparative  cost,  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States. 


Great  Britain. 


United  States 


Total  cost  of  military  establishment  exclusive  of  unusual  expenses 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 

Subsistence 

Transportation 

Clothing 

PERCENTAGE  OF  ABOVE  ITEMS  TO  TOTAL  COST. 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 

Subsistence 

Transportation 

Clothing 

PER  CAPITA  COST,  CONSIDERING  ENLISTED  MEN  ONLY. 

Total 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 

SulDsisteace 

Transportation 

Clothing 

PER  C^U'ITA  COST,  CONSIDERING  BOTH  OFFICERS  AND  ENLISTED  MEN, 

Total 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 

Subsistence 

Transportation 

Clothing 


3114,264,512.57 

39,967,066.82 

8,260,721.66 

4,733,304.84 

5,848,651.48 


34.10 
7.22 
4.14 
6.11 


666. 01 
232.95 
48.14 
27.58 
34.91 


630. 03 
214. 30 
45.54 
26.09 
32.24 


$113,248,541.52 
49,722,369.91 

9,802,141.39 
10,680,516.69 

4,623,272.94 


43.90 

8.65 
9.43 
4.08 


1,119.11 
491. 35 

96.86 
105. 54 

45.68 


1,068.46 

469.11 

92.48 

100.  76 

43.61 


30669°— No.  507—16- 


18 


Table  No.  1. — Recapitulation. 


Appropriations. 


Maintenance. 


Permanent 
works,  etc. 


Savings. 


Deficit. 


Office  Secretary  of  War 

Office  Chief  of  Staff 

Adjutant  General's  Depart- 
ment  

Chief  Coast  Artillery  Corps. . 
Bureau  of  Insular  xVflairs. . . 
Office  Chief  Signal  Officer... 

Medical  Department 

Engineer  Department 

Ordnance  Department 

Quartermaster  Department. 
Division  of  Militia  Affairs... 
U.  S.  Military  Academy 


Amount  of  unusual  expenses 
for  fiscal  year  1915  due  to 
Mexican  situation  (re- 
ported by  Quartermaster 
General) 


$25,000.00 
65,350.00 

7, 500. 00 

108, 000. 00 

2, 500. 00 

1,024,444.64 

9S5, 000. 00 

1,976,500.00 

18,249,607.62 

93, 719, 579.  47 

1,672,085.06 

997, 899. 54 


$20, 000. 00 
53,935.76 


5, 

21, 

1, 

619, 

929, 

364, 

4,147, 

92,021, 

1,514, 

978, 


406.00 
371. 17 
304. 60 
154.00 
261. 33 
865.  26 
380.  78 
335.  28 
935. 06 
705. 16 


$86,628.83 
'333,'296.'43' 


So,  000.  00 
11,414.24 

2,094.00 


1,611,634.74 

11,662,237.96 

1,648,842.92 

95,006.31 

12,452.08 


1, 195. 40 
71,994.21 
55,738.67 


2, 439, 988. 88 

1,049,401.27 

62, 143. 69 

6, 742. 30 


118,833,466.33 


100,677,654.40 
15,450.099.27 


15,460,099.27 


3,705,712.66 


116,127,753.67 


2, 879, 212. 15 


113,248,541.52 


$1,000,000.00 


1,000,000.00 


Table  No.  1  (a). — Expenditures  for  the  United  States  Military  EstablisJiment, 

fiscal  year  1915. 


Appropriar 
tion. 

Mainte- 
nance. 

PerTTianent        aavln?.! 
works,  etc.         Savings. 

i 

Deficit. 

Contingencies  of  the  Army 

$25,000  00 

$20,000.00 

$5,000.00 

Office  of  the  Chief  of  Staff: 

9,000  00 
26,000.00 
30,350  00 

8,999.63 
15,116.53 
29,819.60 

.37 

10,883.47 

530  40 

65, 350. 00 

53,935.76 

11,114.24 

Adjutant  General's  Department: 
Contingencies,  military  de- 
partments and  commands. 

7  500  00 

F,  40fi  on 

2,094.00 

Chief,  Coast  Artillery  Corps: 
Coast  Artillery  School,  Fort 
Monroe,     incidental     ex- 

10,000.00 

25,000.00 
7,000.00 
3,000.00 
5, 500  00 
2,500.00 

55,000.00 

10,000.00 

Construction     methods     of 
Coast  Artillery  war  instru- 

$25,000.00 
3,747.02 

Ensines ,  generators ,  etc 

Special  apparatus,  etc 

Engines,  generators,  etc 

ProfessiDnal  books,  etc 

Construction  fire  control  sta- 
tions, insular  possessions. . . 

3,252.98 
3,000.00 
5,118.19 

SSL  81 
2,500.00 

55,000.00 

108,000.00 

21,371.17 

86,628.83 

Bureau  of  Insular  Affairs: 

Care  of  insane  Filipino  sol- 

2,000.00 
500.00 

1,304.60 

695.40 

500. 00 

Care  of  insane  I'orto  Rican 

2, 500  00 

1,304.60 

1, 195.  40 

Office,  Chief  Signal  Officer: 

Signal  Service  of  the  Army . . . 

250, 000. 00 
200,000.00 
122,790.32 

43,454.04 

10,800.00 
23, 2;  0.40 

160,283.47 

219,999.18 
200, 000. 00 

30,000.82 

Fire  control  at  fortifications . . 
Fire  control  at  fortifications. 

91,755.99 

43,454.04 

10,800.00 
21,928.22 

31,034.33 

Fire  control  at  fortifications, 

Panama  fortifications 

Maintenance,  fire  control  in- 
stallation,    seacoast     de- 
fenses   

1,342.18 

154,956.24 

6,327.23 

507 


19 


Table  No.  1  (a).— Expenditures  for  the  United  States  Military  Establishment,  fiscal 

year  1915 — Continued. 


Appropria^ 
lion. 

Mainte- 
nance. 

Permanent 
works,  etc. 

Savings. 

Deficit. 

Office,  Chief  Signal  Officer— Con. 

Washington-Alaska  military 

cable  and  telegraph  system, 

1914-15 

S47,559.87 

50,000.00 
42,682.75 

11,288.74 
3,800.00 

12, 000. 00 
6,000.00 
2,000.00 

17,068.98 

21,446.07 

$47,559.87 

50,000.00 
16, 932. 62 

Washington-Alaska  military 
cable  and  telegraph  system, 
1915 

Fire-control  installation,  in- 
sular possessions 

$25,750.13 

1,244.13 
4.11 

Maintenance,  etc.,  fire-con- 
trol  installation,    insular 
possessions 

$10,044.61 

Annunciator  buzzer  system 
at  Porto  Rico 

3,795.89 

Signal  equipment  for  coast 
defense  ports 

12,000.00 

5,920.97 

778.00 

Commercial  telephone  serv- 
ice, 1915 

79.03 
1,222.00 

Commercial  telephone  serv- 
ice^ 1915-16 

Equipment,  coast  artillery 
armories,  Organized  Militia. 

17,068.98 

Repairs,   deep-sea   military 
cables 

15,455.00 

5,991.07 

1,024,444.64 

619,154.00 

333,296.43 

71, 994. 21 

Medical  Department: 

Medical    Hospital    Depart- 
ment   

700,000.00 
5, 000. 00 

275, 000. 00 
3,500.00 

1,500.00 

694,086.29 
2,731.17 

229,846.39 
1,833.08 

764.40 

5,913.71 

2,268.83 

45,153.61 

1,666.92 

735.60 

Army  Medical  Museum 

Artificial  limbs     

Trusses  for  disabled  soldiers. 

Appliances  for  disabled  sol- 
diers  

985,000.00 

929,261.33 

55,738.67 

Engineer  Department: 

Engineer  depots 

25,000.00 
25, 000. 00 
50,000.00 

40,000.00 
5,000.00 

250,000.00 
100,000.00 

50,000.00 

100,000.00 

165,000.00 
5,000.00 

40, 000. 00 
25,000.00 

20,000.00 

300,000.00 

1,000.00 

3,000.00 
457,000.00 

150,000.00 

4,000.00 

154,000.00 
7,600.00 

25,000.00 
25,000.00 
14, 486.  So 

40, 000. 00 
5,000.00 

t 

En|ineer  equipment  of  troops 
Civilian  assistants  to  engi- 
neer officers  

35,513.15 

Contingencies 

Construction  of  gun  and  mor- 
tar batteries 

250, 000. 00 
100,000.00 

50,000.00 

100,000.00 

Modernizing  emplacements. . 

Electric    light    and    power 
plants,  sea-coast  defenses.. 

Searchlights  for  harbor  de- 
fenses  

Protection,  etc.,  of  fortifica- 
tions  

165, 000. 00 
5,000.00 

40,000.00 
9, 878. 41 

20,000.00 

Maintenance     for     search- 
lights, etc 

Sea  walls  and  embankments. 

15,121.59 

Preservation,  etc.,   torpedo 

Sea-coast  batteries,   Philip- 

300,000.00 

Protection,    etc.,    fortifica- 

1,000.00 
3,000.00 

Protection,     etc.,     torpedo 
defenses,  Hawaiian  Islands 
and  Philippine  Islands 

Land    defenses,    Hawaiian 
Islands 

457,000.00 
150,000.00 

Reserve  equipment,  Hawa- 
iian Islands  and   Philip- 

Tools,    etc.,    Engineer    De- 
partment,   Hawaiian    Is- 
lands and  Philippine  Is- 

4,000.00 

Storage,  electric  power,  water 

supply^  Philippine  Islands. 

Maps,  War  Department 

154,000.00 

7,500.00 

1 

) 

1,976,500.00         .364,865.20  | 

1,611,634.74    j 

§07 


20 

Table  No.  1  (a). — Expenditures  for  the  United  States  Military  Establishment,  fiscal 

year  1925 — Continued. 


Appropria- 
tion. 


Mainte- 
nance. 


rermanent 
works,  etc. 


Savings. 


Deficit. 


Ordnance  Department: 

Ordnance  Servii  e,  1915 

Ordnance  stores,  ammuni- 
tion, 1914-15 

Ordnan'^e  stores,  ammuni- 
tion, 1915-16 

Ordnance  stores  and  sup- 
plies, 1914-15 

Ordnance  stores  and  sup- 
plies, 1915-16 

Small-arms  target  practice, 
1914-15 

Small-arms  target  practice, 
1915-16 

Manufacture  of  arms,  1914-15. 

Manufacture  of  arms,  1915-16 . 

Repair  of  arsenals,  1915 

Field  artillery  for  Organized 
Militia,  1913-15 

Field  artillery  for  Organized 
Militia,  1914-16 

Ammunition,  field  artillery. 
Organized  Militia,  1913-15. . 

Ammunition,  field  artillery. 
Organized  Militia,  1914-16. . 

Equipment,  coast  artillery 
armories,  Organized  Militia. 

Exchanging  or  issuing  new 
pistols,  Organized  Militia.. 

Fire  control  at  fortifications. . 

Fire  control  in  insular  pos- 
sessions  

Fortifications  in  insular  pos- 
sessions  

Armament  of  fortifications... 

Panama  fortifications 

Armament  of  fortifications, 
Panama  Canal 

Submarine  mines,  Panama 
Canal 

Submarine  mines 

Submarine  mines,  insular 
possessi  )ns 

Automatij  ritles 

Encampment,  etc.,  Organ- 
ized Militia,  1912 

Encampment,  etc.,  Organ- 
ized Militia,  1913-15 

Testing  macliines,  1915 

National  trophy  and  medals. 

Board  or  Ordnance  and 
Fortifications 

Arsenals  and  proving  grounds 

Expenses  of  officers,  etc... 


$300,000.00 

20, 658. 06 

125,000.00 

8,919.55 

700,000.00 

24,434.76 

750, 000. 00 

9, 965. 62 

450, 000. 00 

290,000.00 

244.07 
2,100,000.00 

558. 59 

3,000,000.00 

10, 769. 51 

3,397.13 
221,413.71 

49,989.70 

1,118,069.46 

6,723,083.70 

463, 143. 89 

763,000.00 

48,871.70 
460, 772. 73 

57, 882. 29 
44,421.60 

8,963.49 

3,700.00 
15,000.00 
10, 000. 00 

28, 924. 84 

396, 420. 44 

42, 002. 88 


8299,860.84 

5,000.00 

40,000.00 

8, 176. 44 

690,013.72 

23, 710. 96 

705,816.96 

3, 000. 00 

30, 000. 00 

164,872.15 


S15, 515. 12 
79,156.37 


80. 682. 68 
1, 736, 265.  79 

25, 595. 90 

15. 282. 69 

2, 938. 39 
82,144.03 

11.185.65 


6, 543. 62 
412,179.80 
124, 925. 43 

62.95 

2, 095, 952. 13 

558.59 

2,986,496.89 

6, 582. 28 

3,397.13 
189, 610. 26 

38, 554. 21 

931, 649. 48 

3, 2:,0, 076. 05 

338,038.61 

709,080.93 

34,177.66 
150, 749. 47 

40, 153. 76 
450. 00 


S139. 16 
142.94 

5,843.63 
743. 11 

9, 986. 28 

723.80 

44, 183. 04 

422. 00 

7, 820. 20 

202. 42 

181.12 

4,047.87 


13, 603. 11 
4,187.23 


31,803.45 

11,435.49 

105,737.30 

1,736,741.86 

99,509.38 

38,636.38 

11,755.65 
227,879.23 

6,542.88 
43,971.60 

8,961.20 


3,700.00 
15, 000. 00 
9,012.60 

26,181.91 
144,142.05 
24, 795. 73 


248,327.22 


987. 40 

2, 742. 93 
3,951.17 
17, 202. 15 


18, 249, 607. 62 


4, 147, 380. 78 


Quartermaster  Corps: 

Pay,  etc.,  of  the  Army 

Subsistence 

Mileage 

Regulars,  supplies 

Incidental  expenses 

Army  transportation 

Clotliing  and  equi  page 

Waters  and  sewers 

Roads,  walks,  wharves,  and 
drainage 

Barracks  and  quarters 

Military  post  exchanges 

liorses  for  Coast  Artillery 
and  engineers 

Construction  and  repairs  of 
hospitals 

Quarters  for  hospital  stew- 
ards   

Shooting  galleries  and  ranges . 

Maintenance  .\rmy  War  Col- 
lege  


48,229,020.02 

9,802,141.39 

500, 000. 00 

8, 155, 000. 00 

1,954,440.00 

13,117,848.97 
6, 500, 000. 00 
1,156,000.00 

485, 000. 00 

2,123,997.00 

154,391.00 

365, 285. 00 

440,000.00 

9, 700.  00 
40, 000. 00 

10. 700. 00 


49, 229, 020. 02 

9,802,141.39 

493, 349. 89 

7, 862, 772. 19 

1,927,222.83 

13,004,437.07 
6,631,765.39 
1,044,114.35 

281,822.26 

1,484.994.80 

126,029.96 

365,071.37 

196,508.14 

9. 095.  61 
32,958.03 

9, 520. 56 


11,662,237.96 


2,439,988.88 


83,938.71 


47,061.21 
225, 389. 95 
104,351.22 

189, 640. 38 

602, 741. 94 

16,948.00 


218,213.66 
"'6,'24i"83' 


6,660.11 

208, 289. 10 

27,217.17 

66,350.69 

642,844.66 

7,534.43 

13,537.36 
36,260.16 
11,413.04 

213. 63 

25,278.20 

604. 39 
793. 14 

1,179.44 


$1,000,000.00 


507 


'  Estimated;  all  accounts  not  yet  received. 


21 

Table  No.  1  (a). — Expenditures  for  the  United  States  Military  Establishment,  fiscal 

year  1915 — Continued. 


Appropria- 
tion. 


Mainte- 
nance. 


Permanent 
works,  etc. 


Savings. 


Deficit. 


Quartermaster  Corps— Contd. 

Rent  oi  baildmgs,  Quarter- 
master Corps 

Barraclvs  and  quarters,  Ptiil- 
ippine  Islands 

Construction,  repair,  and 
maintenance  of  roads, 
etc.,  Alaska 

Claims  for  damages  to  and 
loss  of  private  property 


Division  of  Militia  Affairs: 

Encampment   and    maneu- 
vers. Organized  Miliiia 

Equipment,  Coa^t  Artillery 
armories, Organized  Militia. 


U.  S.  Military  Academy: 

Pay,  permanent  establish- 
ment and  civil 

Expenses,  Board  of  Visitors  . 

Contingencies  for  the  super- 
intendent  

Repairs  and  improvements . . 

Fuel  and  apparatus 

Gas  pipes,  gas,  etc 

Fuel  and  cadets'  mess  haU,etc. 

Postage  and  telegrams 

Stationery  and  oilice  supplies 

Transportation  of  material, 
discharged  cadets 

Printing  and  binding 

Tanbark,  etc 

Camp  stools,  etc 

Gymnasium  and  athletic 
supplies 

Repairs  to  saddle?,  etc 

Repairs  a^id  maiutenance  of 
searchlights 

Repairs  of  mattresses,  etc., 
Cavalry  gymnasium 

Material  for  hurdles 

Purchase  of  typewriting  ma- 
chine   

New  tent  floors 

Purchase  of  wax,  etc 

Repair  of  mattresses,  Artil- 
lery gymnasium 

Department  of  civil  and  mil- 
itary engineering 

Department  of  philosophy. . . 

Department  of  mathematics. 

Department  of  chemistry 

Department  of  drawing 

Department  of  modern  lan- 
guages  

Department  of  law 

Department  of  practical  mil- 
itary engineering 

Department  of  ordnance  and 
gunnery,  purchase  of  in- 
struments   

Department  of  ordnance, 
gunnery,  machines,  etc 

Department  of  military  hy- 
giene   

Department  of  EngUsh  and 
history 

Lectures  for  cadets 

Miscellaneous  items  and  in- 
cidental expenses 

Buildings  and  grounds 


$45,987.00 
500, 000. 00 

125, 000. 00 
5, 069.  09 


$44, 751. 35 
345, 690. 98 

125, 000. 00 
5, 069. 09 


1,235.05 


$154,309.02 


93,719,579.47 


92,021,335.28 


1, 048, 842. 92 


1,049,401.27 


1  $1,000, 000. 00 


1,572,085.06 
100, 000. 00 


1,514,935.06 


57, 150. 00 
37, 856. 31 


62, 143. 69 


1,672,085.06 


1, 514, 935. 06 


95, 008. 31 


62, 143. 69 


768, 310. 29 
1,000.00 

3, 009. 00 
40,030.03 
45, 000.  00 

6, 500.  00 

10, 000.  00 

375.  00 

2, 500. 00 

3, 850.  00 
1,700.00 
1,200.00 
1,200.00 

2, 000.  00 
250.  00 

125. 00 

100.  00 
615. 00 

75. 00 

1,500.00 

150. 00 

100.  00 

1,200.00 
1,8.30.00 
725.  00 
2, 500.  00 
1,530.00 

598.  00 
350.  00 

2, 000.  00 


1,800.00 

500. 00 

500.  00 

850.00 
1,200.00 

53, 4.30.  25 
39,310.00 

997, 899. 54 


764, 816. 29 


2,304.52 
39, 999.  85 
44,999.88 

0, 590.  00 

10, 000.  00 

375.  00 

2,500.00 

3, 850.  00 
1,099.99 
1,199.69 
1,200.00 

1,999.77 
244.  75 

124.  73 


1,499.91 
150. 00 

99.81 

1.198.15 
1,668.17 
725. 00 
2, 496. 60 
1,529.66 

598.  00 
349.  Gl 

1,997.92 


1, 790. 59 

478. 62 

496. 36 

848. 35 
1, 157. 00 

50. 897.  89 
28.809.29 

978, 705. 16 


3, 500. 00 
1, 000. 00 

695.  48 
.15 

.12 


.01 
.31 


614.98 
75.00 


.23 
5.25 


,27 


.27 
.02 


.06 


.19 


1.85 
181.83 


3.40 
.34 


2,373.30 
9,388.80 

12, 452. 08 


.39 
2.08 

9.41 

21.38 

3.64 

1.65 
43.00 

159.  06 
1,111.91 

6, 742. 30 


507 


22 

Table  No.  2. — Expenditures  for  the  British  military  establishment,  fiscal  yearx 

1912-13. 


[Authority  appropriation  account,  1912-13,  with  report;  of  comptroller  and  auditor  general.] 


Vote 
No. 


Purpose. 


Pay  of  officers  and  troops,  etc 

Pay  of  medical  establishment 

Establishment  for  military  education 

Quartering,  transport,  and  remounts , 

Supplies , 

Clothing 

Clothing  factories 

Ordnance  establishment  and  general  stores 

Armaments,  aviation,  and  engineer  stores 

Works  and  Duildings 

Repayment  under  military  works  acts 

Miscellaneous  eHective  services 

War  office 

Half  pay,  retired  pay,  and  other  noneffective  charges  for 

officers 

Pensions  for  wounds 

In-pensions,  out-pensions,  and  rewards  for  distinguished 

services 


Total  expenditures . 


Deduct  repayment  under  military  works  acts. 
Cost  of  permanent  structures,  vote  10 


Total  expenditures  for  maintenance,  etc . 


British  currency. 


£ 

8,033, 

436, 

140, 

1,696, 

3,207, 

936, 

270, 

658, 

1, 762, 

1,565, 

878, 

67, 

435, 


s.     d. 

V22  16   3 

363  0  11 

154  8 

935  17 

704  6 

133  18 

271  1 

579  15 

664  14 

955  13 

998  15  11 

904  6   6 

962  11   7 


1,581,339    13     10 
29,657      0      8 

1,871,831      6    11 


United  States 
currency. 


$38,944, 
2,095, 
679, 
8,226, 
15,550, 
4,538, 
1,310, 
3, 192, 
8,545, 
7,591, 
4,261, 
329, 
2, 113, 


579.40 
288.03 
468. 59 
745.06 
950.22 
377. 31 
274. 17 
794. 77 
398.49 
753.13 
386. 16 
200.17 
546.58 


7,666,334.83 
143, 777. 30 

9,074,638.36 


114,264,512.57 


4, 261, 386. 16 
1,623,461.21 


5,884,847.37 


108,379,665.20 


Tablk  No.  2a. — Expenditures  for  the  British  military  establishment  1912-13. 


Purpose. 


Appropriations  in 
aid. 


Gross  expendi- 
tures. 


Net  expenditures. 


Vote  1. 


Pay,  etc.,  Department  I.  G 

Pay,  etc.,  staff  of  commands,  etc 

Regular  pay,  extra  pay,  messing  allowance. 

Regular  allowances,  etc 

E  ecruiting  staff  and  expenses 

Gratuities  and  deferred  pay  to  soldiers  on 
discharge 

Field  training 

Pay,  etc.,  of  staff  of  cavalry,  etc.,  schools... 

Pay,  etc. ,  of  establishment  of  schools  of  gim- 
nery 

Pay,  etc.,  of  establishment  of  schools  of  en- 
gineering   

Pay,  etc. ,  of  establishment  of  schools  of  mus- 
ketry  

Pay,  etc.,  of  establishment  of  gymnasium. 
Instructions 

Pay,  etc.,  army  reserve 

Pay,  etc.,  chaplain  department 

Pay,  etc.,  army  veteran  ser^'ice , 

Pay,  etc.,  pay  department , 

Pay,  etc.,  establishment,  J.  A.  G 

Pay,  etc.,  establishment,  military  prisoners. 

Rewards,  etc.,  appropriation,  deserters 

Wages  of  civilians  attached  to  units 

Expenses  of  native  Indian  troops 

Miscellaneous 


Votel 

Deduct  pay-army  reserve. 

Net  expenditures,  vote  1 . , 


507 


£ 

13, 189 

329, 320 

7,159,391 

145, 987 

34,137 


259,858  19  2 

208,085  11  4 

37,994  12  10 

29,700  4  9 

23,497  15  4 

16,969  16  11 


16,011    15 
1,303,401    13 
68,614 
45,655 
99,104 

3,747 
18,209 

2,354 
31,127 
251,576 


.X.  d. 


761,511  13   6 


10,098,036   3   4 


9,336,524  9 
1,303,401  13 


10 


8,033,122  16   3 


23 

Table  No.  2a. — Expenditures  for  the  British  military  establishment  19 12-1 S — Continued. 


Purpose. 


Appropriations  in 
aid. 


Vote  2. 
Pay,  etc.,  medical  establishment 

Vote  5. 
Establishment  for  military  education. 

Vote  6. 


Lodging  and  stable  allowances 

Field  allowances 

Hire  of  buildings  to  supplement  barracks. . 

Barracks,  services 

Conveyance  of  troops  by  land  and  coastwise 

Sea  transport  of  troops 

Railroad  stores 

Miscellaneous 


Carriage  of  stores 

War  Department  vessels 

Pay  wages,  etc.,  A.  S.  C 

Mechanical  transport  vehicles. 
Remounts 


Vote 


Supplies 

Clothing 

Clothing  factory . 


Vote  8. 

Ordnance  Department  establishment  and 
general  stores , 


Vote  9. 
Armaments,  aviation  and  engineer  stores. . 

Vote  10. 

Staff  for  works  and  engineer  services 

Incidental  expenses  of  war  department  es- 
tablishments   

Telegraph  and  telephone  services 

Miscellaneous  engineer  services 

New  works 

Compensation  to  contractors 

New  workSj  part  2 

Compensation  to  contractors 

Ordinary  repairs,  etc 

Grants  in  aid  of  works 

Purchases  of  land 

Rents  of  land  and  buildings 


Repayment  under  military  works  act. 

Vote  11. 
Miscellaneous  effective  services 

Vote  12. 
War  office 


Vote  13. 

Half  pay,  retired  pay,  and  other  noneii'ec- 

tive  charges  for  officers 

Pensions  for  wounds 


£         s.     d. 
2, 271      1      9 


91,096    17      6 


592      1      5 
7,892      9      9 


3,835      7      9 


12,319    18    11 


86, 958      3      4 


56,539    14      5 

102,669    18      9 

7, 766      4      5 


214, 527      4      3 


272, 104      4      2 


580    16      4 
53, 8M      1      8 


12,104      9    11 


3,170    18      3 
"46,'566'"'i"i6" 


110,222      8      0 


1,321      6      0 
620    19      3 

604,485      6      0 


Gross  expendi- 
tures. 


£ 

438, 634 


s.     d. 


231, 251      5      9 


269, 913  7 

26, 502  7 

62, 909  0 

95, 463  6 

357, 885  3 

298,665  15 

1,994  12 


1,113,333    12      4 


190, 709 
68,510 

165, 797 
63, 570 

194, 292 


862, 880 


3,264,243    19      6 

1,038,803    17      5 

278,027      5    U 


873,106    19    10 


2,134,768    18      3 


186,726    19 

22,875      7 

20, 786 

16,400 

525, €44 

324 

212,464 

1,121 

525,  S35 

9,660 

111,625 

42,711 


1,676,178      1      7 


69,225    12      6 
436,583    10    10 

2,085,824    19    10 


Vote  14. 

In-pensions 

Out-pensions 

Rewards  for  distinguished  services. 


32,351    16      2 

2,347,117      7      4 

20,406      8      5 


Net  expenditures. 


£  s.    d. 

436,363      0    11 


140, 154      8      3 


1,101,013    13      5 


595,922      3    10 


3, 207, 704  6  1 
936,133  18  8 
270,271      1      6 


658,579    15      7 
1,762,664    14      1 


1,565,955    13      7 


878,998    15    11 

67, 904      6      6 

435,962    11      7 


1,581,339    13    10 
29, 657      0      8 


528,044      5      0  I    2,399,875    11     11         1,871,831      6    11 


507 


24 

Table  No.  3. — Items  not  properly  chargeable  to  the  cost  of  the  Regular  Army  of 

the  United  States. 


Appropria- 
tion. 

Mainte- 
nance. 

Permanent 
woriis,  etc. 

£avin£-s. 

Office  Chief  Pignal  Officer: 

Washington-Alaska  military  cable  and  tele- 
graph svstem,  1914-19  ;.■) 

547,559.87 

50,000.00 

17,068.98 
21, 446. 07 

5.000.00 

275,000.00 

3,500.00 

1,500.00 

244. 07 
2,100,000.00 

558. 59 
3,000,000.00 

10,769.51 

8,963.49 
3,  700.  00 
10,000.00 

125,000.00 

40,000.00 

1,572,085.06 
100,000.00 

$47,559.87 
50,000.00 
17,068.98 

Washington-Alas'-a  military  cable  and  tele- 
graph system,  1915 

Equipmeit  CoastArtillery  armories,  Organ- 
ized Militia 

Repairs  deep-sea  military  cables 

S15, 455. 00 

2,731.17 

229, 846. 39 

1, 8.33.  08 

764. 40 

So  991.07 

Medical  Department: 

Armv  Medical  Museum 

2,268.83 
45  153. 61 

Artificial  limbs 

Trn=;se3  for  disabled  roldiers 

1  666  92 

Appliances  for  di>abled  soldiers 

735.60 

Ordnance  Department: 

Field  Artillery  for  Organized  Miliiia— 

1913-1915 

62.95 
2,095,952.13 

558.  59 
2,986,496.89 

6,582.28 

181.12 

1914-1916 

4  047.87 

Ammunition,   Field  Artillery   Organized 
Militia— 
1913-1915 

1914-1916 

13,503.11 

Equipment  Coast  Artillery  armories,  Organ- 
ized Militia  .. . 

4  187  23 

Encampment,  etc.,  Organized  Militia— 

1912 

2.V0 
3, 700.  ro 
9,012.60 

125, 000. 00 

40, 000. 00 

1,514,935.06 
37,856.31 

8  961.20 

1913-1915 

National  troph  y  and  medals 

987. 40 

Alaskan  Road  Commis-ion: 

Construction  and  repair  of  Alaskan  roads,  etc. 

Engineer  Department: 

Civilian  a^si^tants  to  engineer  officers 

Division  of  Militia  AfTairs: 

Encampment    and    maneuvers.    Organized 
Militia 

57,150.00 

Equipment  Coact  Artillery  armories,  Organ- 
ized Militia 

62, 143. 69 

7,392,395.64 

1,981,136.30 
5,261,431.69 

5,261,431.69 

149,827.65 

Pay  and  allowances  of  officers  and  enlisted  men 
on  duty  not  connected  with  Regular  Army 

7, 242, 567. 99 
1,138.322.68 

8,380,890.67 

507 


25 


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Ji. 


^ 


S9,341.00 
11,510.59 

59,849.85 
44, 796.  93 
204, 758. 35 

347,338.95 

281, 837. 40 

31,494.58 
116,218.80 

- 

joj  noi;i3:innnnoo  'sib^ox 

$45.00 

67.39 

370. 65 

365.33 

1,162.35 

2,086.47 
2,041.40 

203.58 

2,278.80 

00 

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42. 12 
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30.96 
27.00 

23.32 

19.80 

14.04 
10.80 

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1,843.20 
9,979.20 
9,331.60 

31, 396. 00 

53,844.48 

44, 596. 00 

4, 176. 00 
30, 384. 00 

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1,152 

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576 

432 

288 
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49, 500 
35, 100 
172,200 

291,408 
235,200 

27, 115 

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5,000 
4,500 
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3,120 

2,400 

1,870 
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30669°— No.  507—16- 


26 

War  Department, 
War  College  Division,  Office  of  the  Chief  of  Staff, 

Washington,  October  1, 1915. 

Memorandum  for  The  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army: 
Subject:  Table  showing  authorized  strength  of  the  Military  Estab- 
lishment on  July  1,  1915, 

The  Secretary  of  "War  directs  that,  if  the  data  are  available,  the 
following  table  be  filled  out  and  returned  to  the  Chief  of  the  War 
College  Division.  This  information  is  necessary  for  use  in  preparing 
a  study  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Table  No.  4. — Actual  sirengtli  of  the  Military  Establishment  on  July  1.  1915. 


Branches  of  sennce. 


Oeneral  officers 

Adjutant  General's  Department 

Inspector  General's  Department 

Judge  Advocate  General's  Department 

Quartermaster  Corps 

Medical  Department 

Corps  of  Engineers 

Ordnance  Department 

Signal  Corps 

Bureau  of  Insular  Affairs 

Professors,  United  States  Military  Academy . 

Chaplains 

Cavalry . 


Field  Artillery 

Coast  Artillery  Corps. 
Infantry . 


Porto  Rico  Regiment  of  Infantry 

United  States  Military  Academy  detachments 

Recruiting  parties,  recruit  depots,  and  unassignod  recruits. 

United  States  military  prison  guards 

Service-school  detachments 

With  disciplinary  organizations 

Indian  scouts 

Philippine  Scouts 


Total,  Army 

Hospital  Corps  (Medical  Department)^ 

Quartermaster  Corps  (Quartermaster  Department)^ 

Total,  military  establishment 


Officers. 


25 
23 
17 
12 

ISo 

'553 

207 

85 

63 

3 

7 

64 

778 

262 

728 

,572 

31 


Enlisted 
men. 


1,948 

740 

1,371 


14, 646 

5,664 

19, 185 

35,537 

586 

623 

5,757 


Aggre- 
gate. 


317 
582 

(In  arm  of  service 
24  I 

182  5, 430 


4,797 


4,797 


25 

23 

17 

12 

589 

553 

2,155 

825 

1,434 

3 

7 

64 

15, 424 

5,926 

19,913 

37,109 

617 

623 

5,757 

317 

582 

) 

24 
5,612 


92,814 
3,993 
4.388 


97,611 
3,993 
4,388 


105,992 


1  Quartermaster  sergeants. 

'  Includes  97  officers  of  the  Medical  Reserve  Corps  assigned  to  active  duty  under  the  provisions  of  the  act 
of  Congress  approved  Apr.  23,  1908  (35  Stat.  L.,  66). 
'  Not  incluaed  in  the  enlisted  strength  of  the  Army. 

M.  M.  ]M\coMB. 
Brigadier  General,  Chief  of  War  College  Division, 

Assistant  to  the  Chief  of  Staff. 

507 


27 

Table  No.  5. — Average  rates  of  pay  and  alloivances  of  comparable  grades  of 
commissioned  officers  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain 


United  States  Army. 


Lieutenant  general i  $11, 000. 00 

Major  general i  8,000.00 

Brigadier  general i  6, 000.  00 

Surgeon  General  (major  general) 9, 566.  00 

Colonel 5, 232.  64 

Lieutenant  colonel 4, 549.  76 

Major 3, 882.  00 

Captain 3, 009.  92 

First  lieutenant 2, 550.  SO 

Second  lieutenant 2, 072.  24 

Chaplain  with  rank  of  major 3, 882. 00 

Chaplain  with  rank  of  major,  after  5 

years'  service 4, 182. 00 

Cliaplaia  with  rank  of  captaia 3, 009. 92 

Chaplain  with  rank  of  first  lieutenant . .  2, 550. 80 
Veterinarian  (pay,  etc.  of  second  licu- 

enant) 2, 072.  24 

First     lieutenant.  Medical     Eeserve 

Corps 2, 550.  SO 

Additional  to  captain  while  adjutant 

Additional  to  first  lieutenant  while  ad- 
jutant  


British  Army. 


( i$12, 604. 80 

Field  marshal }  to 

[  19,392.00 

General 17, 756. 80 

Lieutenant  general 1  6, 302.  40 

Major  general 14, 848. 00 

Brigadier  general 

Surgeon  general 7, 019.  00 

Colonel 4, 535.  79 

Lieutenant  colonel 3, 224. 05 

Major 2, 167.  81 

Captain 1^  640. 17 

First  lieutenant l,  197. 73 

Second  lieutenant 895.  53 

Chaplain,  first  class 2, 479.  71 

Chaplain,  first  class,  after  5  years  as 

such ." 2, 700.  90 

Chaplain,  second  class 2,443.02 

Chaplain,  third  class 1, 877.  59 

Veterinary  officer,  pay,  etc.,  of  first  lieu- 
tenant   1,929.62 

First  lieutenant,  medical  department,  on 

probation 1, 725. 70 

Additional  to  captain  while  adjutant 294. 92 

Additional  to  first  lieutenant  while  ad- 

j  utant 331.  78 


507 


Represents  only  base  pay. 


28 


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2,474.45 
2,479.71 

2, 700. 90 
2,143.02 
1,877.59 
1,317.26 

1,538.45 
878. 76 

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Table  5 
(o)  n. 

Chap- 
lains— 
Tables 

(a)  m. 

$2,' 479.' 71 

2, 700. 90 
2,143.02 
1,877.59 
1,317.26 

1,538.45 
878. 76 

Military 

flying 

wing — 

Table  5 

(a)  I. 

Ordnance 

depart- 
ment— 
Table  5 
(a)k. 

Pay 
depart- 
ment— 
Table  5 

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Medical 
officers- 
Table  5 
(a)  i. 

Veteri- 
nary 
officers — 
Table  5 
(a)  ft. 

Army 
service 
corps- 
Table  5 

ia)g. 

Infantry 
of  the 
line — 

Table  5 
(a)/. 

Engi- 
neers— 
Table  5 

(a)e. 

Garrison 
artil- 
lery- 
Table  5 
(a)d. 

Field 
artil- 
lery— 
Table  5 
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Horse 

artil- 
lery- 
Table  5 

(0)  6. 

Cavalry 
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41 


Table  No.  5a  (n). 
[P.  102  (vote  13),  Army  estimate3,  Great  Britain,  1913-14.] 


Pav  in 

United 

Statei 

currency. 


Field  marshal 

General 

Lieutenant  feneral 
Major  general 


£2,600 
to 

4,000 
1,600 
1,300 
1,000 


?12, 604. 80 
to 
19,302.00 
7, 756. 80 
6,302.40 
4, 848. 00 


Table  No.  56. — Pay  and  allowances  of  commissioned  officers ,  United  States  Army. 

[Authority:  Army  Regulations,  Army  Register,  General  Orders  AVar  Department,  and  Military  Laws  of 

United  States.] 


Pay. 


Commu 

tation  for 
quarters. 


Commu- 
tation for 
light. 


Commu 

tation  for 

heat. 


Total. 


Lieutenant  reneral 

Major  reneral 

Brigadier  general 

Colonel 

After  5  years 

After  10  years 

After  15  years 

Alter  20  "years 

Lieutenant  colonel 

After  5  years 

After  id  years 

After  15  years , 

After  20  years 

Major 

After  5  years 

After  lO"  years , 

After  15  years , 

After  20  years 

Captain 

After  5  years , 

After  10  years 

After  15  years 

After  20  yeai^s 

First  lieutenant 

After  5  years 

After  10  years 

After  15  years 

After  20  years 

Second  lieutenant 

After  5  years 

After  10  years 

After  15  years 

After  20  years 

1  irst  lieutenant.  Medical  Reserve  Corps. 

After  5  years 

After  10  years 

After  15  years 

After  20  years 

Dental  surgeon 

After  5  years 

After  10  years 

After  15  years 

After  20  years 

WhOe  on  examining  board,  additional .. . 

Acting  dental  surgeon 

Veterinarians 

After  5  years 

After  10  years  

After  15  years 

After  20  years 


$1, 440 
1,296 
1,152 
1,008 
1,008 
1,008 
1,00S 
1,008 
864 
864 
864 
864 
864 
720 
720 
720 
720 
720 
576 
576 
576 
576 
576 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
288 
288 
288 
288 
288 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 
432 


432 

2S8 
288 
288 
288 


$50. 40 
45.00 
42.12 
37.44 
37.44 
37.44 
37.44 
37.44 
30.96 
30.96 
30.96 
20.96 
20.96 
27. 00 
27. 00 
27.00 
27.00 
27.00 
22.32 
22.32 
22.32 
22.32 
22.32 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
14.04 
14.04 
14.04 
14.04 
14.04 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 
19.80 


14.04 
14.04 
14.04 
14.04 
14.04 


$252. 00 
225. 00 
210. 60 
187. 20 
187.20 
187. 20 
187. 20 
187. 20 
154.  SO 
154. 80 
154. 80 
154. 80 
154.  80 
135. 00 
135. 00 
135. 00 
135. 00 

135.  no 

111.60 
111.60 
111.60 
111.60 
111.60 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
70.20 
70.20 
70.20 
70.20 
70.20 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 
99.00 


99.00 
70.20 
70.20 
70.20 
70.20 
70.20 


$12, 742. 40 
9, 566. 00 
7, 404. 72 
5, 232. 64 
5, 632. 64 
6, 032. 64 
6, 232. 64 
6, 232. 64 
4,549.76 
4, 899. 76 
5,249.76 
5, 549. 76 
5,549.76 
3,882.00 
4, 182. 00 
4, 482. 00 
4,782.00 
4,882.00 
3,009.92 
3, 249. 92 
3, 489. 92 
3, 72t>.  92 
3,969.92 
2,550.80 
2.750.80 
2  950.80 
3.150.80 
3. 3.50. 80 
2, 072. 24 
2,242.24 
2,412.24 
2,582.24 
2,752.24 
2,550.80 
2,7.i0.80 
2, 950. 80 
3,1.50.80 
3,350.80 
2, 550. 80 
2,750.80 
2,950.80 
3,150.80 
3, 3.50. 80 
720.00 
2,331.00 
2,072.24 
2,242.24 
2,412.24 
2, 582. 24 
2,752.24 


•  Entitled  to  10  per  cent  additional  for  foreign  service,  except  in  Hawaiian  Islands,  Porto  Rico,  Alaska, 
and  Canal  Zone. 
>  Not  practicable  to  ascertain  accurately;  assumed  as  5  times  lieht  allowance. 
»  No  authority  found  for  payment  of  light  allowance  to  acting  dental  surgeons. 

507 


42 

Table  No.  6. — Average  rates  of  minimum  pay  of  comparable  grades  of  enlisted 
men  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States  and  Oreat  Britain. 


United  States  Army. 


Regimental  sergeant  (battalion  sergeant 

major,  engineers) $540. 00 

Quartermaster    sergeant,    Quartermaster 

Corps 540. 00 

Stable  sergeant,  Field  Artillery 360. 00 

First  sergeant 540.  00 

Chief  trumpeter 480. 00 

Sergeant 390. 86 

Trumpeter  or  musician 180. 00 

Corporal 253. 14 

Saddler 252. 00 

Private 180. 00 


British  Army. 


Regimental  sergeant  major  (warrant  officer)  S500. 86 

Quartermaster  sergeant 375. 94 

Farrier   quartermaster   sergeant    (warrant 

officer,  cavalry) 374.  50 

Squadron,  battery,  and  company  sergeants 

major  and  infantry  color  sergeant 358. 23 

Sergeant  trumpeter 298. 57 

Sergeants 257. 41 

Trumpeter  or  bugler 114.97 

Corporal 199.  42 

Saddler 175. 10 

Private 102. 72 


Table  No.  6c. — Minimum  pay  of  British  warrant  officers  and  enlisted  men  serv- 
ing at  home. 

[jVrmy  Estimates,  1913-14;  pp.  128-147.] 


Cavalry 
of  the 
line. 


Horse 
artil- 
lery. 


Field 
artil- 
lery. 


Garri- 
son ar- 
tillery. 


Engi- 
neers. 


Infan- 
try of 
the  line. 


Army 
service 
corps. 


Regimental  sergeant  major  (warrant 
officer) 

Quartermaster  sergeant 

Farrier,  quartermaster  sergeant ' . .. . 

Squadron,  battery,  and  company  ser- 
geants major  and  infantry  color  ser- 
geant  

Sergeant  trumpeter 

Sergeants 

Trumpeter  or  bugler 

Corporal 

Saddler 

Private 


S471.95 
383.  25 
354. 05 


383.25 
237. 25 
237. 25 
118.62 
173.  20 
156. 95 
102. 20 


$528.  25 
3S3.  25 
390. 55 


383. 25 
295. 65 
295. 65 
175.  20 
237. 25 
193.  45 
113.15 


$514. 65 
368. 65 
354. 05 


368. 65 
281. 05 
281. 05 
105.  85 
222. 65 
175.  20 
105.  85 


$514. 65 
368. 65 


354. 05 
281. 05 
281. 05 
105.85 
222. 65 
175. 20 
105.  85 


$528. 25 
397.  85 
397.85 


332. 15 

397.  85 
2SS.  45 
102.  20 
219. 00 


$461. 65 
353.90 


310.  25 


$486. 62 
376. 02 
376. 02 


376. 02 


208. 05 
94. 90 
146.00 


102. 20 


210. 38 
102.  20 
175.20 
175. 20 
102. 20 


$500.86 
375.94 
374.50 


358.23 
298.57 
257.41 
114.97 
199.  42 
175. 10 
102.  72 


1  Warrant  officer  of  cavalry. 

Table  No.  6&. — Minimum  pay  of  enlisted  men,  United  States  Army. 
[.Authority:  Army  Regulations,  Army  Register,  and  Military  Laws  of  United  States.] 


Cav- 
alry. 

Field 
Artil- 
lery. 

Coast 
Artil- 
lery 
Corps. 

In- 
fantry. 

Engi- 
neers. 

Quar- 
termas- 
ter 
Corps. 

Signal 
Corps. 

Regimental  sergeant  major  (and  bat- 
talion sergeant  major,  engineers)... 
Quartermaster  sergeant,  Quartermas- 

540 

540 

540 

540 

540 

$540.00 

540 

540. 00 

360 
540 
480 
360 
252 
180 
180 

360. 00 

540 
480 
360 
252 
180 
180 
252 

540 

540 

540 

540 

640. 00 

480. 00 

360 
252 
ISO 
180 

360 
252 
180 
180 

432 

288 
180 
180 

432 

288 
180 
180 

432 

288 

"""'iso' 

390. 86 

253.14 

ISO.  00 

180. 00 

252.00 

Note. — Pay  is  increased  20  per  cent  for  foreign  service  except  in  Hawaiian  Islands,  Porto  Rico,  Alaska, 
and  Canal  Zone.    Additional  pay  granted  for  excellence  in  marksmanship  and  gunnery. 

507 


43 

Table  No.  7. — Items  of  expenses  relating  solely  to  coast  defense,  United  States. 


Appropria- 
tion. 

Mainte- 
nance. 

Permanent 
works,  etc. 

Savings. 

OFFICE,  CHIEF  COAST  ARTILLEET.       , 

Construction  of  fire-control  stations,  insular  posses- 

$5.5,000.00 

122,790.32 
43,454.04 
10,800.00 
23,270.40 

160,283.47 
42,682.75 
11,288.74 
12,000.00 

250,000.00 

100,000.00 

50,000.00 

100,000.00 

165,000.00 

5,000.00 

40,000.00 

25,000.00 

20,000.00 

300,000.00 

1,000.00 

3,000.00 

$55,000.00 

91,755.99 
43,454.04 
10, 800. 00 
21,928.22 

OFFICE,  CHIEF  SIGNAL  OFFICER. 

$31  034.33 

Fire  control  at  fortifications,  Panama  Canal 

Do 

1,342.18 
5, 327. 23 

Maintenance  torpedo  control,  scacoast  defenses 

Fire-control  installation,  insular  possessions 

Maintenance  of  fire  control,  insular  possessions 

S154,956.24 

16, 932. 62 

25  750.13 

10,044.61 
12,000.00 

1.244.13 

ENGINEER  DEPARTMENT. 

Construction  of  gun  and  mortar  battery  

250,000.00 
100,000.00 
50, 000. 00 
100,000.00 

Electric,  steam,  and  power  plants,  seacoast  defense. 
Searclilights  harbor  defense    

165,000.00 

5, 000. 00 

40,000.00 

9,  878. 41 

20,000.00 

15, 121. 59 

300,000.00 

1,000.00 
3,000.00 

Protectirn  torpedo  defenses,  Hawaiian  and  Philip- 

1,540,569.72 

221, 413. 71 

49,989.70 

1,118,069.46 

6, 723, 083. 70 

463,143.89 

763,000.00 

48, 871. 70 

460, 772. 73 

57, 882. 29 

420, 879. 26 

1,054,992.46 

189, 610. 26 
38,554.21 

931,649.48 
3,250,076.05 

338,038.61 

709,080.93 
34,177.66 

150, 749. 47 
40, 153. 76 

64,698.00 
31,803.45 

Fire  control  at  fortifications.  Insular  possessions 

Fortifications  insular  possessions 

11,435.49 

80,682.68 
1,736,263.79 
25,595.90 
15,282.69 
2,938.39 
82, 144. 03 
11, 185. 65 

105, 737. 30 

1, 736, 741. 86 

99, 509. 38 

38,636.38 
11, 755. 65 

Submarine  mines 

227, 879. 23 

(SubrnariTI'^  mineSj  jnsu'fvr  possp,ssinn<? .  ,  ,     . 

6,542.88 

11,446,796.90 

2,374,974.39 

6,737,082.89 

2,334,739.62 

It  will  be  noted  that  this  table  does  not  include  any  expenditures  for  barracks  and  quarters  or  other 
expenses  connected  with  the  maintenance  of  Coast  Artillery  posts  and  fortifications,  as  such  data  can  not 
be  accurately  computed. 


Table  No.  8. 


—Percentage  of  enlisted  strength  of  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery 
to  total  enlisted  strength  of  Military  Establishment. 


Great 
Britain. 

United 
States. 

Infantry 

Per  cent. 

50.51 

8.20 

7.36 

8.92 

Per  cent. 
41.06 

18.95 

Cavalrv 

14.47 

6.69 

507 


44 

Table  No.  9. — Number  of  enlisted  men  per  officer  in  the  various  arms  of  the 

service. 


Great  Britain 
(Army  esti- 
mates of  effec- 
tive and  non- 
e.Tective 
services  for 
1913-14). 


United  States 

(Tables  of 

Or^ani  ation, 

1914). 


Infantry 

Coast  artllery 

Ca-  air; 

FiDli  artillery 

En'riieers,  signal  carps  and  Qying  corps  i 
Ordnance. .  .• 


29.84 
23.10 
27.40 
25.58 
15.90 
9.50 


24.55 
27.00 
20.28 
23.08 
30  21 
8.70 


Number  of  enlisted  men  per  officer,  considering  total  oaicers,  are  enlisted  men,  actually  in  service  on 
July  1,1915: 

Great  Britam . 

United  States 21.07 

1  In  Great  Britain  the  duties  performed  by  on  si-nal  corps  (exclusi-e  of  aviation)  axe  perforiped  by  the 
engineers.  In  t.'ie  United  States  the  duties  performed  by  the  British  Flying  Corps  are  performed  by  our 
Si^al  Corps.    For  purposes  of  comparison,  therefore,  it  was  necessary  to  construe  these  various  corps. 

Table  Xo.  10. — Officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  British  Army  {depots  and  depot 
organizations  not  included)  serving  at  home  and  abroad  except  in  India. 

[.Vrmy  estimation  of  effective  and  noneflectfve  services  for  1913-14.] 


Cavalry  (includes  household  cavalry) 

Horce  and  field  artillery 

Garrison  artillery 

Engineers  (includes  signal  organizations). 

Flj'ing  corps 

Inrantry  (includes  guards) 

Army  service  corps 

Ordnance  department 

Medical  corps 

Veterinary  corps 

Pay  corps 

Chaplains 


Totals  in  British  service,  inrlud  inj  general  sta^  o.Ticers,  depot  organizations,  etc 


Officers. 


461 
598 
609 
468 
112 
2,904 
458 
232 
751 
98 


113 


9,800 


Enlisted 
men. 


12, 637 

15,303 

14,082 

8,334 

893 

86,606 

6,005 

2,207 

3,820 

248 

565 


171,563 


507 


45 

Table  No.  11. — Oreat  Britain. 

[Authority — Appropriation  account,  1912-13,  with  report  of  the  comptroller  and  auditor 

general.] 

Total  expenditures,  military  establishment .$114,264,512.57 

ray,  mileage,  etc 39,967,066.82 

Subsistence 8,  260,  721.  66 

Transportation 4,  733,  304.  84 

Clothing 5,  848,  651.  48 

Percentages  to  total  expenditures  : 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 34. 10 

Subsistence 7.22 

Transportation 4. 14 

Clothing 5.  11 

Total $666.  01 

Per  capita  cost,  enlisted  men  only  : 

Total 666.01 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 232.  95 

Subsistence 48. 14 

Transportation 27,  58 

Clothing 34.  91 

Per  capita  cost,  officers  and  enlisted  men  : 

Total 630,  03 

Pay,  "mileage,  etc 214,  30 

Subsistence 45.  54 

Transportation 26.  09 

Clothing 32.  24 

Total  officers,  9,800  (World's  Almanac). 

Total  enlisted  men,   171,563    (appropriation   account,   1912-13,  with  the   report  of  the 

comptroller  and  auditor  general). 

Table  No.  12. — United  States. 

Total  usual  expenditures  for  Military  Establishment  (table) $113,248,541.52 

Pay,  mileage,  etc.  (memorandum  Quartermaster  General) 49,722,369,91 

Subsistence   (memorandum  Quartermaster  General) 9,802,141.39 

Transportation    (memorandum   Quartermaster   General) 10,680,546.69 

Clothing  (memorandum  Quartermaster  General) 4,623,272.94 


Percentage  to  total : 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 43.  90 

Subsistence 8,  65 

Transportation 9.  43 

Clothing,  etc 4.  08 

Per  capita  cost,  enlisted  men  only  : 

Total $1,  119.  11 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 491.  35 

Subsistence 96.  86 

Transportation 105.  54 

Clothing 45.68 

Per  capita  cost,  officers  and  enlisted  men  : 

Total 1,  068,  46 

Pay,  mileage,  etc 469,11 

Subsistence 92.  48 

Transportation 100.76 

Clothing 43.  61 

Total  officers,  4,797   (memorandum  The  Adjutant  General). 

Total  enlisted  men,  101,195  (memorandum  The  Adjutant  General). 

507 


46 


Table  No.  13. — Ration  components. 


Great  Britain  (par.  3j,  royal  warrants  for  the 
allowances  of  the  "army,  1914). 


Field  rations  (issued  whenever  practicable  in 
garrison  and  field ) :  Ounces. 

Fresh  meat 20 

Or  preserved  meat 16 


Bacon 4 

Or  butter,  lard,  or  margarine 4 

Or  sweet  oil '  .5 

Bread 20 

Or  biscuit 16 

Or  oatmeal  (for  each  4  ounces  of  bread  or 

biscuit),  4. 
Or  rice  (for  each  4  ounces  of  bread  or 

biscuit),  4. 

Cheese 3 

Peas,  beans,  or  dried  potatoes 2 

Or  fresh  vegetables 8 


Tea 625 

Or  chocolate  (for  each  J  ounce  of  tea) 5 

Jam 4 

Or  dried  fruit 4 


Sugar 3 

Salt 5 

Pepper 027 

Mustard 05 

Lime  juice '.1 


Rum  ( at  discretion  of  commanding  officer    i . 
when  recommended  by  surgeon). 

Or  porter ^  1 

Tobacco  (for  those  who  smoke),  per  week.    2 


United  States  (par.  1205,  Army  Regulations,  1913). 


507 


^Gill. 


Garrison  rations  (issued  whenever  practi- 
cable in  garrison  and  field):  Ounces. 

Fresh  meat 20 

Orcaimed  meat 16 

Or  bacon 12 

Or  dried  fish 14 

Or  pickled  fish 18 

Or  camied  fish 16 

Or  turkey  (Thanksgiving  and  Christ- 
mas)    16 

Lard  or  lard  substitute 64 

Butter  or  oleomargarine 5 

Soft  bread 18 

Or  hard  bread 16 

Or  flour 18 

Or  corn  meal 20 

B  aking  powder 08 

Potatoes 20 

Or  canned  jjotatoes 15 

Or  onions,  in  lieu  of  equal  quantity  of 
potatoes,  but  not  exceeding  20  per 
cent  of  total  issue. 
Or  tomatoes,  canned,  in  lieu  of  enual 
quantity  of  potatoes,  but  not  exceed- 
ing 20  per  cent  of  total  issue. 
Or  other  fresh  vegetaliles  (not  canned) 
in  lieu  of  equal  quantity  of  potatoes, 
but  not  exceeding  30  per  cent  of  total 
issue. 

Beans 2.4 

Or  rice  or  hominy 1.6 

Coflee,  roasted  and  ground 1. 12 

Or  coflee,  green 1.4 

Or  tea,  black  or  green 32 

Prunes 1. 28 

Grapples,  dried  or  evaporated 1.28 

Or  peaches,  dried  or  evaporated 1. 28 

Or  jam,  in  lieu  of  equal  quantity  of 
prunes,  but  not  exceeding  50  per  cent 
of  total  issue. 

Sugar 3.2 

Milk ,  evaporated ,  unsweetened 5 

Salt 64 

Pepper,  black 04 

Cinnamon,  nutmeg,  cloves,  or  ginger. . .      .014 

Vinegar '.16 

Or  pickles,  cucumbers,  in  lieu  of  equal 
quantity  of  vinegar,  but  not  exceed- 
ing 50  per  cent  of  total  issue. 

Sirup ' .  32 

Flavoring  extract,  lemon  or  vanilla 014 


•  Pint. 


47 


507 


48 


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507 


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49 

COST  OF  LIVING  AND  RATES  OF  WAGES. 

[Relating  to  Tables  A  to  P,  inclusive.] 

In  order  to  make  a  comparison  of  the  cost  of  living  and  rates  of 
wages  in  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  we  are,  of  course, 
restricted  to  the  classes  in  which  investigations  have  been  made  in 
both  countries  for  the  same  period.  It  is  also  necessary  to  select  a 
period  before  the  influence  of  the  present  war  in  Europe  made  it- 
self felt. 

We  find  that  an  investigation  was  made  in  both  countries  in  1912 
on  the  cost  of  food  for  the  average  laboring  class  family;  also,  on 
the  rates  of  wages  for  certain  trades  and  occupations.  One  of  the 
principal  items  making  up  the  cost  of  living  had  to  be  ignored 
because  the  figures  for  Great  Britain  were  not  available.  Then  there 
was  that  of  clothing.  This  item,  therefore,  in  so  far  as  actual  figures 
are  concerned,  had  to  be  ignored.  The  investigation  in  Great  Britain 
showed- that  the  cost  of  making  men's  clothing  had  increased  slightly 
since  1901,  but  not  in  proportion  to  the  increase  in  cost  of  the  raw 
product.  The  quality  of  the  clothing  purchased  by  the  workingman 
had  materially  fallen.  The  figures,  however,  were  not  given  in  the 
report. 

The  results  of  the  investigations  for  those  articles  entering  into 
the  cost  of  living  and  certain  trades  and  occupations,  which  are 
comparable  for  the  two  countries,  are  given  in  the  following  tables : 

Comparative  Cost  of  Living — Great  Britain  and  United  States — 
Food,  Fuel,  and  Rent. 

[Tables  a,  B,  C] 

Yearly  expenditure  per  average  workingman's  family. 

Food   (Tables  Al  and  A2;  : 

Great  Britain ' $283.  29 

United  States 471.  37 

166 
Fuel  (Tables  Bl  and  B2)  : 

Great  Britain 28.08 

United  States 34.18 

121 
Rent  (Tables  CI  and  C2)  : 

Great  Britain 70.  98 

United  States 135.95 

191 

FOOD. 

GREAT    BRITAIN. 
[Table  Al.] 

Tlie  following  is  taken  from  a  British  Government  publication 
entitled  "  Report  of  an  Enquiry  by  the  Board  of  Trade  into  Working- 
Class  Rents  and  Retail  Prices,  Together  with  the  Rates  of  Wages 
507 


50 

in  Certain  Occupations  in  Industrial  Towns  in  the  United   King- 
dom in  1912." 

In  figuring  the  expenditures  of  food  and  coal  for  the  working- 
man's  family,  the  report  says : 

The  list  comprised  bread,  flour,  potatoes,  meat,  bacon,  eggs,  milk,  butter, 
cheese,  tea,  sugar,  and  coal,  and  the  representative  character  of  the  articles 
of  food  included  may  be  gathered  from  the  estimate  tliat  an  average  of  about 
75  per  cent  of  working-class  expenditures  on  food  is  in  respect  of  those  items. 

Average  consumption  and  cost  per  week  for  a  family  consistinu  of  two  adults 
and  three  or  four  children  in  1912. 


Articles. 


Meat pounds. 

Tea do... 

Sugar do. . . 

Bacon do... 

Eggs do... 

Cheese do... 

Butter do. . . 


Amount. 

Cost. 

6.5 

SI.  001 

.6 

.20 

5.33 

.225 

1.5 

.315 

12 

.137 

.75 

.127 

2 

..58 

Articles. 


Potatoes pounds. 

Flour do... 

Bread do... 

Milk pints. 

Total 


Amount. 


Cost. 


SO. 194 
.30 
.633 
.374 


4.086 


As  this  is  75  per  cent  of  food  cost,  the  entire  food  cost  per  week 
would  be  $5,418. 

Average  cost  of  food  per  year,  $283.30. 


"UNITED    STATKS. 


[Table  No.  A2.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  United  States  Gov- 
ernment publication  entitled  "  Bulletin  of  the  United  States  Bureau 
of  Labor  Statistics  (whole  number  140)." 

The  following  table  has  been  calculated  from  tables  appearing 
in  the  above  publication : 

Ai^erage  annual  cost  per  toorkingman's  family  of  the  principaJ  articles  of  food 
consumed  in  1912  in  2,567  families  in  the  JJnited  States. 

[Average  size  of  family,  5.31.] 


-Articles. 

Cost. 

Articles. 

Cost. 

$72. 17 
7.59 
20.22 
20.12 
14.10 
13.69 
11.69 
24.23 
30.27 
41.48 
3.79 
13.50 
7.66 

Coffee 

Sugar 

Molasses 

Flour  and  meal 

S15.49 

Salt  beef               

22.74 

2.45 

24.18 

Bread 

17.96 

Poultry          

Rice 

2.97 

Fish 

Potatoes 

18.65 

Other  vegetables 

27.19 

Milk     

Fruit 

23.83 

Vineear,  pickles,  and  condiments 

other  food 

5.96 

29.44 

Tea 

471.37 

507 


51 

FUEL. 
GEEAT  BRITAIN. 
[Table  No.  Bl.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  British  Govern- 
ment publication  entitled  "  Eeport  of  an  Enquiry  by  the  Board  of 
Trade  into  Working-clats  Eents  and  Retail  Prices,  Together  with  the 
Rates  of  Wages  in  Certain  Occupations  in  Industrial  Towns  in  the 
United  Kingdom  in  1912." 

The  aA'erage  consumption  and  cost  per  week  for  a  family  consisting 
of  two  adults  and  three  or  four  children  for  the  year  1912:  Coal — 
amount  per  week,  2  hundredweight;  cost  per  week,  $0.54.  Average 
cost  per  year,  $28. 

UNITED  STATES. 
[Table  No.  B2.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  two  United  States 
Government  publications,  "  Bulletin  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Labor  Statistics  (whole  number  138)"  and  "Bulletin  of  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  (whole  number  110)." 

Bulletin  No.  138  gives  the  prices  for  coal,  for  family  use,  in  ton 
and  half-ton  lots,  for  the  year  1912.  Bulletin  No.  110  gives  the 
relative  prices  of  coal,  in  ton  lots,  for  household  use,  from  1907  to 
1913,  from  which  we  find  that  the  average  annual  increase  in  price 
is  0.061  per  cent,  assuming  that  the  increase  has  been  fairly  constant 
since  1901.  We  will,  therefore,  have  an  increase  for  the  year  1912 
of  6.71  per  cent  over  1901.  The  average  annual  amount  expended  for 
fuel  by  the  average  workingman's  family  in  1901,  as  given  by  Bul- 
letin No.  140,  is  $32.23,  which  would  make  the  expenditure  in  1912 
$34.86. 

RENT. 
GREAT    BRITAIN. 

[Table  CI.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  British  Govern- 
ment publication  entitled  "  Report  of  an  Inquiry  by  the  Board  of 
Trade  into  Working-Class  Rents  and  Retail  Prices,  Together  with 
the  Rates  of  Wages  in  Certain  Occupations  in  Industrial  Towns  in 
the  United  Kingdom  in  1912." 

Predominant  weekly  rents  of  working-class  dwellings  in  London 
(middle  zone)  in  1912: 

Number  of  rooms  :  Price  per  week. 

Two $1.  32 

Three 1.  74 

Four 2.10 

Five 2.  52 

Six 3.  00 

507 


52 

"Predominant  weekly  rents  of  working-class  dwellings  in  cities 
other  than  London  in  1912 : 

Number  of  rooms  :  Price  per  week. 

Two $0.  75 

Three 1.  05 

Four 1.23 

Five 1.  44 

Six 1.  77 

In  round  numbers  the  total  population  of  the  United  Kingdom 
is  45,000,000.  The  population  of  London  is  7,000,000.  The  average 
rent,  therefore,  for  Great  Britain,  including  London,  would  be 
approximately  as  follows : 

Number  of  rooms  :  Price  per  week. 

Two $0.  839 

Tliree 1. 157 

Four 1.365 

Five 1.  608 

Six 1.  961 

The  figures  all  include  the  "local  rates"  (tax  rates)  and  charges 
for  rates. 

It  is  assumed  that  four  is  about  the  average  number  of  rooms  the 
w^orkingman's  family  of  two  adults  and  three  or  four  children  in 
the  United  States  will  occupy  and  that  number  has  been  selected  for 
comparison. 

Average  rent  per  week $1.  365 

Average  rent  per  year 70.  98 

UNITED   STATES. 

[Table  C2.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  United  States 
Government  publication  entitled  "United  States  Department  of 
Labor,  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  Monthly  Review  of  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  Vol.  1,  October,  1915,  No.  4." 
In  this  report  we  find  that  the  Bureau  of  Standards  of  New  York 
City  "  reached  the  conclusion,  that  it  is  impossible  for  an  unskilled 
laborer's  family  of  five,  consisting  of  husband,  wife,  and  three  chil- 
dren under  14  years  of  age,  to  live  in  New  York  City  on  less  than 
$840  a  year  and  maintain  a  standard  of  living  consistent  with 
American  ideals.  *  *  *  This  is  apportioned  as  follows:  Housing, 
$168    *    *    *." 

The  following  is  from  a  publication  by  Mr.  Scott  Nearing,  Ph.  D., 
entitled  "  Financing  the  Wage-earner's  Family."  In  this  publica- 
tion we  find  reports  of  investigations  in  1912  on  the  actual  cost  of 
living   in    four   localities:    Manhattan   Island;    Fall    River,   Mass.; 

507 


53 

Georgia  and  North  Carolina;  and  Homestead,  Pa.     The  items  for 
rent  in  these  localities  were  as  follows: 

Manhattan   Island $168.  00 

Fall  River,  Mass 131.00 

Georgia  and  North  Carolina 44.  81 

Homestead,  Pa 200.  00 

Average,  $135.95. 


CoMPAEATiVE    Wages — Great    Britain    and    United    States — Building, 

NEEBING,    and    PEINTING   TRADES. 
[Tables  D,  E,  F,  G.] 


Engi- 


BuiLDiNG  Trades. 
[Tables  Dl  and  D2.] 

WAGES  PEE  HOUR. 

Bricklayers 

Masons 

Carpenters 

Plumbers 

Plasterers 

Painters 

Bricklayer's  laborers 

Plasterer's  laborers 

Engineering  Trades. 

[Tables  m  and  D2.] 

WAGES  PER  WEEK. 

Fitters 

Pattern  makers 

Iron  molders , 

Laborers 

Printing  Trades. 

[Tables  Dl  and  D2.] 

WAGES  PER  WEEK. 

Compositors < 

Letter  Carriers. 

[Tables  El  and  E2.] 

average  yearly  pay. 
Letter  carriers 

School  Teachers. 

[Tables  Fl  and  F2.] 

average  yearly  pay. 
School  teachers 

Policemen. 

[Tables  Gl  and  G2.] 

AVERAGE  YEARLY  SALARY. 

Pobcemen 

507 


Great 

United 

Britain. 

States. 

$0.18 

SO.  6549 

.175 

.5801 

.175 

.4974 

.175 

.5782 

.175 

.6416 

.ICO 

.4397 

.115 

.3577 

.120 

.4096 

8.64 

25.72 

9.30 

22.83 

9.36 

19.88 

4.98 

12.12 

7.80 

23. 15 

318. 17 

1,017. 54 

661.55 

837.  6(i 

392. 91 

1,094. 78 

363 

335 

284 
330 
366 
274 
311 
341 


297 
245 
212 
243 


278 


54 

BUILDING,    ENGINEERING,    AND   PRINTING    TRADES. 

GBEAT   BRITAIN . 

(Table   Dl.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  British  Govern- 
ment publication  entitled,  "  Eeport  of  an  Inquiry  by  the  Board  of 
Trade  into  Working  Class  Rents  and  Retail  Prices,  Together  with 
the  Rates  of  Wages  in  Certain  Occupations  in  Industrial  Towns  in 
the  United  Ivingdom  in  1912." 

Occupations : 

Building  trades    (average  wage  per  hour)  — 

Bricklayers !fO.  18 

Masons .  175 

Carpenters .  175 

Plumbers .  175 

Plasterers    .  175 

Painters .  16 

Bricklayers'  laborers .  115 

Masons"  laborers .  115 

Plasterers'  laborers .  12 

Engineering  trades   (average  wage  per  week)  — 

Fitters 8.  64 

Tinners 8.  64 

Pattern  makers 9.30 

Iron  molders 9.  36 

Laborers 4.  98 

Printing  trades  (average  wage  per  week)  — 

Compositors 7.  SO 

In  the  case  of  the  building  trades  the  number  of  hours  of  employ- 
ment per  week  and  the  number  of  weeks  per  year  is  not  given,  nor  is 
the  number  of  weeks  per  year  for  the  engineering  and  printing 
trades.  The  rat€s  for  the  building  trades  in  the  United  States  are 
given  in  the  same  form,  so  the  comparison  can  be  made  without 
further  computation. 

The  rates  of  wages  for  the  engineering  and  printing  trades  are 
given  by  the  week. 

UNITED    STATES. 
[Table  D2.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  United  States 
Government  publication  entitled,  "  Bulletin  of  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  (whole  number  143)." 

The  average  wage  ("union")  per  hour  in  1912  for  localities  cov- 
ering the  entire  United  States  was  as  follows.  Only  those  occupa- 
tions are  here  given  on  which  figures  for  Great  Britain  were  avail- 
able: 

507 


55 


Average 
per  hour. 


Average 

hours  per 

week. 


Building  trades: 

Bricldayers 

Masons 

Carpenters 

Plumbers  and  gas  fitters 

Plasterers 

Painters 

Bricklayers'  laborers  (hod  carriers) 

Plasterers'  laborers 

Engineering  trades: 

Steam  fitters 

Pattern  makers 

Iron  molders 

Laborers 

Printing  trades: 

Compositors 


$0.6549 
.5864 
.4974 
.5782 
.6416 
.4397 
.3577 
.4096 

.5567 
.4390 
.3654 
.2636 

.4978 


46.2 
52.0 
54.4 
46.0 

46.5 


As  the  figures  for  the  engineering  and  printing  trades  for  Great 
Britain  are  given  as  weekly  wage,  it  is  necessary  to  compute  the 
weekly  wage  for  those  trades  in  the  United  States.  Assuming  that 
the  employment  for  the  week  is  constant,  we  have : 

Engineering  trades  (average  per  week): 

Steam  fitters $25. 72 

Pattern  makers 22. 83 

Iron  moulders 19. 88 

Laborers 12. 12 

Printing  trades  (average  per  week) 23. 15 


POSTMEN    (LETTER   CARRIERS). 

* 

GUEAT    BRITAIN. 

[Table  El.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  United  States 
Government  publication  entitled,  "  Bureau  of  Manufactures,  Special 
Agents,  Series  37-43,  1909-1915." 

The  following  figures  are  for  1910 : 

Cities  (rate  per  week)  : 

London $5.10  to  $8.51. 

Dublin 6.32  (average)  ($328.67  per  year). 

Sheffield 5.57  (average). 

Manchester 5.57. 

Birmingham 4.37  to  7.29. 

Glasgow 6.66    (average). 

No  figures  are  given  as  to  the  number  of  postmen  in  each  city,  so 
it  is  only  possible  to  average  the  rate  of  pay  for  the  six  cities.  This 
gives  the  average  yearly  pay  as  $318.24. 

UNITED    STATES. 
[Table  E2.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  the  published  report 
of  the  Postmaster  General  for  1910: 

Number  of  city  letter  carriers 28,  715 

Amount  paid  to  city  letter  carriers $29,  178,655.97 

Average  pay  of  carrier $1,  016.  14 

507 


56 

The  above  does  not  take  into  account  the  amounts  paid  as  follows, 
because  it  was  not  definitely  known  whether  or  not  the  numbers  of 
these  carriers  was  included  in  the  item  "  city  carriers  " : 

Carriers,  second-class  offices $93,589.03 

Substitute  carriers 1,  056,  916.  83 

Carriers  for  new  offices 63,  416.  81 

SCHOOL   TEACHERS. 


GREAT    BRITAIN. 


[Table  Fl.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  United  States 
Government  publication  entitled,  "  Senate  Document,  Vol.  46,  Sixty- 
first  Congress,  second  session,  1909-1910." 

The  following  figures  are  for  1910 : 


Cities. 

Class  of  teachers. 

Pay  per  year. 

Masters 

$583.98  for  first  4  vears. 

Mistresses. .        

$656.97  for  second"  4  years. 
$759.17  for  third  1  years. 
$851.63  for  over  5  vears. 
$389.32  for  first  4  years. 
$437.98  for  second  4  years. 
$486.65  for  third  4  years. 
$535.31  for  over  5  years. 
$587.62  average  per  year. 

$778.64. 

Assistant  teachers  (men): 

Class  A  

ClassB 

$729.97. 

Class  C 

$535.31.                                * 

Class  D  

$389.32. 

Assistant  teachers  (women): 

Class  A 

$583.98. 

Class  B 

$535.31. 

Class  C 

$413.65. 

Class  D .   .   .           

$316.32. 

Average  f ^r  the  4  classes 

Average  for  all  teachers 

Masters  (mixed  schools) 

$.535.32. 
$.561.47. 
$1,3.33.42  (average  maximum  salary). 

Mistresses  (girls'  schools) '. . . 

$815.14  (average  maximum  salary). 

Mistresses  (infants'  schools) 

Assistant  mistresses 

$8.59.75  (average  maximum  salary). 
$419.72  (average  maximum  sal.iry). 
$875.97  (average  maximum  salary). 

$632.64  (average  maximum  salary). 
$510.98  (average  maximum  salary). 
$778.23. 

Chief    assistant    master    (secondary- 
schools). 
Assistant  master  (secondary  schools). . 
Assistant  mistresses(secondaryschools) 
Average,  all  teachers 

Liverpool 

First  master  (mixed  schools) 

$632.64  to  $9-3.30. 

Assistant  masters  (mixed  schools) 

Headmasters,  class  A 

$207.65  to  $-29.97. 
$462.31  to  $9-3.30. 

Headmasters,  infant  department 

Mistresses,  infant  department 

$462.31  to  $875.97. 
$462.31. 

$488.65  to  $827.30. 

Assistant  masters 

$170.32. 

Average,  all  teachers . . 

$568.33. 

Glasgow 

Headmasters 

$158.61  (average). 

Second  masters 

$&51.63  (average). 

Assistant  masters 

$577.89  (average). 

$456.23  (average). 

Average,  all  teachers 

$S()6.84. 

Dublin                        .   .. 

Principal  teachers 

$710.50  (men). 

do 

$5X3.98  (women). 

Assistant  teachers 

$423.38  (men). 

do 

$355.25  (women). 

Average,  all  teachers 

$518.27. 

Average  salary  for  the  5  cities,  $658.63. 
507 


57 

This  is,  of  course,  not  the  true  average  of  salaries  paid,  as  no  fig- 
ures are  obtainable  showing  the  actual  number  of  teachers  em- 
ployed in  the  various  grades.  The  above  is  the  best  approximation 
we  can  make.  As  there  are  a  greater  number  of  teachers  employed 
in  the  lower  grades  than  in  the  higher,  our  result  is,  of  course, 
higher  than  would  be  the  case  were  complete  figures  available. 

UNITED  STATES. 
[Table  F2.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  United  States 
Government  publication  entitled  "  United  States  Bureau  of  Educa- 
tion, Bulletin  No.  31,  1915  (whole  number  658)." 

This  publication  gives  salaries  of  school-teachers  for  58  cities. 
However,  as  data  for  Great  Britain  are  only  available  for  five  cities, 
and  as  all  of  these  are  over  100,000  population,  only  those  of  the 
United  States  having  a  population  of  over  100,000  were  taken  from 
the  list.     These  were  as  follows : 

Average 
per  year. 

San  Francisco,  Cal $1,124.00 

Denver,  Colo 552.  00 

Washington,   D.   C 982.00 

Atlanta,  Ga 623.  00 

Indianapolis,  Ind 761.  00 

Baltimore,    Md 692.  00 

Boston,    Mass 1,001.  00 

Fall  River,  Mass 642.  00 

Minneapolis,  Minn 937.  00 

New  York  City 1,  197.  00 

Cleveland,   Ohio 791.  00 

Dayton,  Ohio 654.  00 

Portland,  Oreg 1,  006.  00 

Richmond,  Va 578.  00 

Seattle,  Wash 1,  021.  00 

Average  for  the  15  cities  above,  $837.66. 

POLICEMEN. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

[Table  Gl.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  United  States 
Government  publication  entitled  "  Bureau  of  Manufactures,  Special 
Agents,  Series  37-43,  1909-1910." 

507 


58 


The  following  figures  are  for  1910 : 


Cities. 


Class. 


Pay  per  week. 


Aven 

pay  I 
weel 


London 

SheflBeld 

Nottingham. 
Manchester.. 

Birmingham 


City 

Metropolitan 

Reserves 

Average  all  policemen . . 

Average  per  year,  $435.76. 

City 

County 

Average  all  policemen. . 

Average  per  year,  8366.60. 
City 

Average  per  year,  $385.32. 

City 

County 

Average  all  policemen. . 

Average  per  year,  $366.60. 
City 

Average  per  year,  $379.60. 


$6. 56  to  SIO.  23 

6. 19  to     8.  51 

9.24 


6. 33  to     8. 52 
5. 84  to     7. 54 


6. 33  to     8. 52 
5. 84  to     7.51 


6. 10  to     8. 51 


As  the  figures  available  for  the  United  States  consider  only  ci 
policemen,  only  city  policemen  are  taken  for  Great  Britain.     "We  fii 
the  average  yearly  pay  of  policemen  in  the  five  cities  above  to 
$394.47. 

UNITED     STATES. 
[Table  G2.] 

The  following  information  was  obtained  from  a  United  Stal 
Government  publication  entitled,  "United  States  Bureau  of  Educ 
tion,  Bulletin,  1915,  No.  31  (whole  number  658).'' 

This  publication  gives  pay  of  policemen  in  57  cities.    However, 
data  for  Great  Britain  are  only  available  for  5  cities,  and  as  all 
those  are  over  100.000  population,  only  those  of  the  T'^nited  Stal 
having  a  population  of  over  100,000  were  taken  from  the  list.    The 
were  as  follows: 

Average 
per  year. 

San  Francisco,  Cal $1,464.00 

Denver,  Colo 1,  050.  00 

Washington,  D.  C 1,  165.  00 

Atlanta,  Ga 990.  00 

Indianapolis,  Ind 1.  080.  00 

Baltimore,    Md 900.  00 

Boston,    Mass 1.  316.00 

Fall  River.  Mass 945.00 

Minneapolis,  Minn 980.  00 

Cleveland,  Ohio 1.  1"7-  00 

Dayton.  Ohio 900.  00 

Portland,  Oreg 1.  080.  00 

Richmond,  Va 1.  080.  00 

Seattle,  Wash 1. 1*0.  00 

.\verage  for  the  14  cities.  .«1. 094.78. 

607 

o 


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